放氧光合生物LHC捕光天线的结构、排布与功能

Structures,arrangements and functions of LHC antennas for oxygenic photosynthetic organisms

在光合作用的原初光能转化过程中,光合膜上的光系统I和光系统II将吸收的太阳能转化为化学能,并释放氧气,产生的ATP和NADPH为二氧化碳固定提供能量.光合生物光系统核心外围的捕光天线负责收集光能,并向反应中心传递激发能,而且可以调节光合膜上的能量高效分配与利用.其中LHC类捕光天线在真核放氧光合生物进化过程中表现出丰富的多样性,研究它们的结构与功能对于探索光合作用原初反应和调控适应环境的分子机理有重要意义.本文围绕放氧光合生物LHC捕光天线的基因、蛋白、结构和功能,论述了从海洋绿藻到高等植物,以及红藻到硅藻进化过程中捕光天线的蛋白结构与功能细节,总结了它们与反应中心结合排布的不同形式,阐述了LHC捕光天线的多样性对于光合生物适应光环境的重要意义.

In the process of photosynthetic primary light reaction, the photosystem (PS) I and PS II on the photosynthetic membrane convert theabsorbed solar energy into chemical energy and releasing oxygen. The generated ATP and NADPH provide the energy for carbondioxide fixation. The peripheral light-harvesting antennas around PSI and PSII core in photosynthetic organisms are responsible forcollecting light energy, transferring excitation energy, and mediating the efficient distribution and utilization on thylakoid membrane.The light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) exhibit a great diversity during the evolutionary process of eukaryotic oxygenicphotosynthetic organisms, thus studying their structures and functions is of great significance for understanding the molecularmechanisms of the primary reaction and adaptations to the environment. This review summarizes the detailed structures and functionsof LHC antennas during the evolution from green algae to higher plants, as well as from red algae to diatoms. We focus on the genes,proteins, structures, arrangements and functions of LHC antennas in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, and elucidate thesignificance of the diversified LHC antennas in photosynthetic organisms for their adaptation to the changeable light environments.