21世纪以来日本难民接收援助政策的形成——基于社会排他性和政治大国化的分析

The Formation of Japan's Refugee Assistance Policy in the 21^(st)Century:An Analysis from the Perspective of Japan's Social Exclusivity and Strategy to Become a Political Power

当下,全球难民危机持续恶化,对于国际难民的援助保护已成为世界主要大国在全球治理领域竞争影响力的重要议题。作为世界主要发达国家之一的日本,一方面因坚持严控对难民的认定接收而被称为“难民锁国”,另一方面又积极开展难民人道援助,呈现出内外显著差别。本文通过梳理日本难民接收援助政策特征,发现“社会排他性”特征作为内部因素限制了日本对难民的接收,而谋求“政治大国化”的目标则作为外部因素促进了日本扩大对难民的援助。随着大国间的博弈愈演愈烈,日本又在政治因素的驱动下着力调整难民接收制度以达到有限度的开放性范式转换,以期做到在不影响国内社会基础的前提下,促使难民接收援助政策更加契合国家对外战略需求。日本难民援助政策的发展趋势也为中国参与难民全球治理提供了启示。

At present,the global refugee crisis continues to worsen,and the assistance and protection of international refugees has become an important issue for the world's major powers to compete for influence in the field of global governance.As one of the world's major developed countries,Japan,on the one hand,is know as a"refugee seclusion"because of its strict control over the acceptance of refugees,and on the other hand,it actively carries out humanitarian assistance for refugees,showing a significant difference internally and externally.By sorting out the characteristics of Japan's refugee assistance policy,this paper finds that the feature of"social exclusivity"as an internal factor restricts Japan's acceptance of refugees,while the goal of becoming a"political power"as an external factor promotes Japan's expansion of assistance to refugees.With the intensification of the game among major powers,Japan,driven by political factors,has made great efforts to adjust its refugee reception system to achieve a shift towards a limited open paradigm,so as to make its refugee assistance policy more consistent with its external national strategic needs without affecting the domestic social foundation.The development trend of Japan's refugee assistance policy also provides an inspiration for China to participate in the global governance of refugees.