基于二维光热材料的界面太阳能光热蒸发系统优化

Optimization of interfacial solar photothermal evaporation system based on two-dimensional photothermal materials

海水淡化是缓解全球淡水资源匮乏的重要途径,但传统的海水淡化技术存在高成本、高能耗、低效率的问题。利用太阳能作为唯一能源输入的界面太阳能光热蒸发技术(interfacial solar steam generation,ISSG)因其低成本、可持续、高效率的优势引起了人们极大的关注,ISSG在气-液界面通过高效光热转化将水分子蒸发冷凝收集得到淡水。本文介绍了近年来利用二维光热材料设计的界面太阳能吸收器结构的演变,重点分析了膜(涂层)-气凝胶-水凝胶(泡沫)的发展历程,指出基于水凝胶(泡沫)的光热蒸发系统具有高效热定位、高效光热转换、高效抗盐沉积、快速输水和水活化的独特优势。在此基础上,对ISSG的发展前景及挑战进行了总结,提出了开发自动调节蒸发速率、蒸汽温度的新型智能蒸发系统,并将其与能源、农业、工业等领域互联的新策略,旨在启发从实验室到实际大规模太阳能驱动清洁水生产的光热蒸发系统的科学设计及工程应用。

Seawater desalination is an important way to alleviate the global shortage of freshwater resources,but traditional seawater desalination technologies have problems of high cost,high energy consumption and low efficiency.The interfacial solar steam generation(ISSG)technology,which utilizes solar energy as the sole energy input,has attracted great attention due to its advantages of low cost,sustainability and high efficiency.ISSG evaporates and condenses water molecules at the gas-liquid interface through efficient photothermal conversion to obtain freshwater.This paper introduced the evolution of the structure of the interface solar absorber designed with two-dimensional photothermal materials in recent years,and focused on the analysis of the development process of film(coating)-aerogel-hydrogel(foam).It pointed out that the photothermal evaporation system based on hydrogel(foam)had the unique advantages of efficient thermal positioning,efficient photothermal conversion,efficient salt resistant deposition,rapid water delivery and water activation.On this basis,the development prospects and challenges of ISSG were summarized,and a new intelligent evaporation system with automatic adjustment of evaporation rate and steam temperature was proposed.The new strategy of interconnecting it with energy,agriculture,industry and other fields was proposed,aiming to inspire the scientific design and engineering application of solar thermal evaporation systems for large-scale solar powered clean water production from laboratories to practical applications.