锂离子电池拆解回收技术及进展

Lithium-ion battery disassembly and recycling technology and progress

锂离子电池的广泛使用带来了越来越多的电池废弃物,如何环保、安全、低成本地处理这些废旧锂离子电池成了该领域的热点问题。本文以废旧锂离子电池的危害和资源利用价值为背景,重点介绍了废旧锂离子电池拆解回收的工艺流程,其中包括了预处理、主流回收方法、金属分离回收和再生利用等部分,以相关技术原理为基础,重点归纳了近几年湿法回收为主的废旧锂离子电池回收利用各环节工艺流程的学术成果,并对工艺过程中各个方法进行了优势与不足的分析,其次对于物理回收和火法回收等方面作了简要介绍。最后,在现有的回收现状上,对锂离子电池未来进行展望,提出建立大型预处理生产线、在相邻领域再利用回收材料、重复使用化学试剂等合理的发展方向。

The extensive use of lithium-ion batteries has generated more and more lithium-ion battery waste,and how to deal with this lithium-ion battery waste in an environmentally friendly,safe and cost-effective manner has become a hot issue in the field.This paper took the hazards and resource utilization value of waste lithium-ion batteries as the background,focused on the process of dismantling and recycling of waste lithium-ion batteries,which included pre-treatment,mainstream recycling methods,metal separation,recovery and recycling,based on the relevant technical principles,It focused on summarizing the progress of academic achievement on the process of recycling of waste lithium-ion batteries mainly by wet recycling in recent years,and analyzed the advantages and shortcomings of each method in the process,followed by a brief introduction to physical recycling and fire recycling.Finally,based on the existing recycling status quo,the future outlook of lithium-ion batteries was made,and reasonable development directions were suggested such as the establishment of a large-scale pretreatment production line,the reuse of recycled materials in adjacent fields and the reuse of chemical reagents.