马克思“合理农业”思想及其对发展现代化大农业的启示

Marx's Thought of Rational Agriculture and Its Implications for the Development of Modern Agriculture

马克思“合理农业”思想是其地租理论的重要组成部分。马克思坚持科学的辩证法,一方面,承认资本主义大农业的历史进步性,使农业社会中单凭经验和刻板沿袭下来的经营方法转化为农艺学的自觉的科学应用;另一方面,深刻剖析了资本主义大农业在对土地所有权的分离和垄断、对土地的粗放利用和土地肥力的破坏、对小块土地所有制的剥夺和排斥、对价格体系和价值体系的扭曲等方面的限制与界限。在社会主义市场经济条件下,我国发展现代化大农业,应吸收马克思“合理农业”中关于废除土地所有权的垄断、进行集约化耕作、不断提高土地肥力、发挥“小农的手”的重要作用、依靠有计划的联合体进行调节等重要思想,深入推进农地“三权分置”改革,从粗放经营走向集约经营,守住耕地红线,提高耕地质量,实现与小农户有机衔接,维护农产品产业链供应链安全稳定。

Marx's thought of rational agriculture is an important part of his theory of ground rent.Marx ad-hered to scientific dialectics.On the one hand,he acknowledged the historical progress of capitalist agricul-ture,which enabled the transformation of the management methods that were solely based on experience in the agricultural society into conscious scientific applications of agronomy.On the other hand,he deeply analyzed the limitations and boundaries of capitalist agriculture in terms of separation and monopoly of land ownership,extensive use of land and destruction of land fertility,deprivation and exclusion of small land ownership,and distortion of price and value systems.With the socialist market economy,China should absorb clues from Marx's thought of rational agriculture in the development of modern agriculture.These clues include abolishing the monopoly of land ownership,implementing intensive cultivation,improving land fertility,giving play to the role of small farmers,and relying on planned alliances for regulation.The reform of the separation of owner-ship,contracting rights,and management rights of agricultural land should be deepened.Measures should be taken to transform the extensive farming into intensive farming,maintain the red line of farmland,improve the quality of farmland,achieve connection with small farmers,and ensure the security and stability of the indus-trial chains and supply chains of agricultural products.