数据要素参与生产和价值转移的特殊性研究

Particularity of Data as a Factor of Production Participating in Production and Value Transfer

进入数字时代,数据要素成为推动形成新质生产力的重要生产要素。在传统的物质生产过程中,不变资本生产要素参与劳动产品的一次使用过程和一次价值转移过程。但在数字时代,从数据要素到数据产品会经历反复的生产过程和反复的价值转移过程。从“一次”到“反复”的变化背后,是数据要素的可复制性、可共享性等特征发挥作用的结果,也是数据要素不同于传统不变资本生产要素的参与生产和价值转移过程的关键所在。对此,需要在马克思关于生产要素和不变资本相关理论的基础上进行深入剖析,明晰数据要素与传统不变资本生产要素的异同,廓清数据要素特殊性带来的生产和价值转移过程反复、并行发展的新变化,以及由此导致的数据商品所有权的“隐蔽化”问题,从而为数据商品的价值和所有权确定研究提供理论支撑。

In the digital era,data has become an important factor of production.In the traditional material production,constant capital as a factor of production participates in the one-time use and one-time value transfer of labor products.In the digital era,however,the process from data as a factor of production to data products will experience repeated production and value transfer processes.This change is the result of the rep-licability and shareability of data as a factor of production,and it reflects the difference of data from constant capital in participating in the production and value transfer processes.In this regard,it is necessary to deeply analyze the similarities and differences between data and constant capital based on Marx's theory of factors of production and constant capital.Such analysis will help to interpret the repeated and parallel development of production and value transfer that are caused by the particularity of data as a factor of production,as well as the resulting concealment of data commodity ownership,providing theoretical support for determining the value and ownership of data commodities.