快速城镇化地区传统村落保护利用的挑战与趋势——以珠江三角洲为例

Challenges and trends in the preservation and utilization of traditional villages in rapidly urbanized area:A case study of the Pearl River Delta

快速城镇化对传统村落产生深远影响,厘清其对保护利用造成的刚性约束与驱动条件具有重要理论和现实意义。以珠三角传统村落为研究对象,以长时段的跟踪调研与回访为支撑,基于快速城镇化所带来冲击与机遇的辩证关系,尝试构建针对性的保护约束及活化利用研究框架,揭示珠三角传统村落保护利用的主要挑战、进展和发展前景。结果显示:(1)保护利用挑战主要体现在整体格局、聚落空间等物质要素的异化与受损,亦面临历史遗留问题多、投入成本高昂等约束;(2)快速城镇化也是珠三角传统村落活化发展的重要契机,城市功能延展、人口集聚与消费潜力等促进了以政府投入为基础的“补救”、以多元主体为助力的“自救”、社会企业介入下的“垂救”、紧抓政策机遇的“抢救”等保护利用新进展。研究同时结合国土空间规划、新型城镇化、乡村振兴等战略条件,展望了新时期珠三角传统村落保护利用的趋势与发展前景。

The rapid urbanization has profound impacts on traditional villages,and clarifying its rigid constraints and activation drivers for preservation and utilization is of significant theoretical and practical importance.This paper takes traditional villages in the Pearl River Delta(PRD)as the research object,supported by long-term tracking investigations and return visits.Based on the dialectical relationship between the impacts and opportunities brought by rapid urbanization,the paper attempts to construct a targeted research framework for preservation constraints and activation utilization,revealing the major challenges,progress,and development prospects of traditional village preservation and utilization in the PRD.The results indicate that:(1)The challenges of preservation and utilization are mainly reflected in the alienation and damage of material elements such as the overall pattern and settlement space,as well as facing constraints such as numerous historical issues and high input costs.(2)Rapid urbanization also serves as an important opportunity for the revitalization and development of traditional villages in the PRD.The expansion of urban functions,population aggregation,and consumption potential have promoted new progress in preservation and utilization,including"remediation"based on government investment,"self-rescue"assisted by multiple subjects,"salvation"under the intervention of social enterprises,and"rescue"seizing policy opportunities.The paper also combines land spatial planning,new urbanization,rural revitalization,and other aspects to forecast the development prospects of traditional village preservation and utilization in the PRD in the New Era.