黑木耳自交菌株菌丝体的遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity of Mycelia of Self-bred Strains of Auricularia heimuer

以性状互补的黑木耳菌株A42和A4为亲本菌株进行杂交,获得F;1;代杂交菌株HE63,进行出耳试验,收集孢子印,利用孢子稀释法获得单核菌株,通过单-单交配获得45个自交菌株,对自交菌株进行菌丝体的体细胞不亲和性、菌丝特性及SSR分子标记的多样性研究。结果表明:黑木耳自交菌株间有29株能够产生明显拮抗现象,菌丝体生理特性差异较大;菌丝生长速度、菌落形态存在显著的菌株间差异;基于黑木耳全基因组开发的SSR分子标记,筛选出18对条带清晰、多态性好的SSR引物进行SSR遗传多样性研究,不同引物能不同程度对自交菌株进行区分;聚类分析结果表明,在遗传相似系数为0.59水平上,可将F_(2)代自交菌株分为3类,第1类为与亲本亲缘关系比较近的F_(2)代自交菌株;第2类和第3类均为与亲本亲缘关系较远的F_(2)代自交菌株。由此可知,黑木耳自交菌株具有丰富的遗传多样性,可以通过自交进行种质创新。

The hybrid strains A42 and A4 of Auricularia heimuer with complementary traits were crossed to obtain F1 hybrid strain HE63.The growth of Auricularia heimuer was tested,spore prints were collected,and monokaryotic strains were obtained by spore dilution method,and 45 self-bred strains were obtained by single-single mating.Somatic cell incompatibility,hyphal characteristics and diversity of SSR molecular markers of the mycelia of self-bred strains were studied.The results showed that 29 self-bred strains of Auricularia heimuer exhibited significant antagonistic effects,and there were significant differences in the physiological characteristics of the mycelia;There were sig⁃nificant differences in mycelial growth rate and colony morphology among strains;SSR molecular markers were developed based on the whole genome of Auricularia heimuer,and 18 pairs of SSR primers with clear bands and good polymorphism were screened for SSR genetic diversity analysis.Different primers could distinguish self-bred strains to varying degrees.Cluster analysis results show that the F_(2) self-bred strains could be divided into three categories when the genetic similarity was 0.59.The first category was the F_(2) generation self-bred strains that are closely related to their par⁃ents;The second and third categories were self-bred strains of F_(2) generation with distant parental re⁃lationships.It means that the self-bred strains of A.heimuer have rich genetic diversity and can be used for germplasm innovation through selfing.