发现作者:莎士比亚之于日本戏剧研究的意义及与中国戏曲研究之关系

Discovering the Author:The Significance of Shakespeare in Japanese Theatre Studies and Its Relationship with the Study of Chinese Xiqu

日本在明治时期通过介绍、翻译、学习、研究莎士比亚,形成了一种“作者”研究范式。这一范式的逻辑基础指向作家在戏剧创作过程中所具有的权威性,并以作家独创能力作为评价戏剧文学的重要维度。日本知识分子通过将戏曲作家近松门左卫门类比为“本国莎士比亚”,把这种研究范式引入其传统戏曲研究之中,进而影响到日本的中国戏曲研究。选择中国最著名的戏曲家来和莎士比亚相提并论便诞生于这一语境之中,在比较背后也隐含着对作家天才独创性的高度评价,并形成以下的路径:一、“深度”的寻绎和“作者构建”;二、戏剧研究侧重于作者文学技巧分析;三、区分作者“原意”与后世的“改动”。

During the Meiji period,Japan introduced,translated,studied,and researched Shakespeare,forming an"author"research paradigm.This paradigm's logical foundation emphasizes the authority of the writer in the creative process of theatre,using the writer's originality as a crucial dimension for evaluating theatrical literature.Japanese intellectuals compared the playwright Chikamatsu Monzaemon to their own Shakespeare,thereby introducing this research paradigm into their studies of traditional theatre.This subsequently influenced Japanese research on Chinese Xiqu.Choosing the most renowned Chinese playwright to compare with Shakespeare arises from this context.Behind the comparison lies a high regard for the originality and genius of the author.This comparison gives rise to several key approaches.Firstly,it involves a deep exploration of the"depth"and the""construction of the author".Secondly,it emphasizes the analysis of the author's literary techniques within drama studies.Finally,it aims to distinguish the author's"original intention"from the"modifications"made by later generations.