厦门市思明区2019-2023年登革热传播媒介监测分析

Monitoring and analysis of dengue transmission vectors in Siming district,Xiamen city from 2019 to 2023

目的分析2019-2023年思明区登革热媒介伊蚊密度、季节消长规律,为预防控制登革热提供科学依据。方法采用布雷图指数法(BI)、容器指数法(CI),对辖区10个街道每月开展登革热媒介伊蚊蚊幼监测;利用Execl进行数据整理分析,SPSS 19.0软件分析容器阳性率的差异性。结果2019-2023年监测到的登革热媒介伊蚊均为白纹伊蚊,未发现埃及伊蚊,年均BI为8.34,不同街道BI呈现出不同的变化趋势,滨海、筼筜、梧村街道的BI在5年间呈现逐步上升的趋势,鼓浪屿、开元、嘉莲、中华、鹭江、莲前街道BI先升后降,厦港街道BI在6~7间波动;6-8月(夏季)是BI的高峰期;5年年均CI为48.67%,监测显示孳生地种类中闲置容器(碗、瓶等)积水最多(占比61.00%),竹头、树洞、石穴阳性率最高(70.97%)。5年间容器阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=945.916,P<0.05),不同容器(水体)间阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=466.083,P<0.05)。结论思明区全年均监测到白纹伊蚊幼蚊孳生活动,存在登革热传播风险,应加强环境整治,开展公众健康教育及宣传,降低登革热传播及流行的风险。

Objective To analyze the density and seasonal fluctuations of Aedes albopictus population,the vector of dengue fever,in Siming district from 2019 to 2023,providing scientific evidence for the prevention and control of dengue fever.Methods The breteau index(BI)and container index(CI)methods were used to monitor the Aedes albopictus larvae in 10 streets of the district monthly.Data were collated and analyzed using Excel,and the differences in container positivity rates were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 software.Results From 2019 to 2023,all monitored Aedes spp.were identified as Aedes albopictus,with no Aedes aegypti detected.The annual average BI was 8.34,and the BI in different streets exhibited varying trends.Specifically,the BI in Binhai,Yundang,and Wucun streets gradually increased over the five years,while the BI in Gulangyu,Kaiyuan,Jialian,Zhonghua,Lujiang,and Lianqian streets first increased and then decreased.The BI in Xiagang street fluctuated between 6 and 7.The peak of BI occurred during June to August(summer).The annual average CI was 48.67%.Monitoring revealed that idle containers(bowls,bottles,etc.)accounted for the highest proportion(61.00%)of breeding sites,while bamboo heads,tree holes,and rock cavities had the highest positive rates(70.97%).There were statistically significant differences in container positive rates over the five years(χ^(2)=945.916,P<0.05)and between different containers(water bodies)(χ^(2)=466.083,P<0.05).Conclusions The breeding activities of Aedes albopictus larvae had been monitored throughout the year in our region,posing a risk of dengue transmission.Therefore,environmental improvement,public health education and propaganda should be strengthened to reduce the risk of dengue transmission and epidemic.