果园厩肥深施机土肥混合覆土装置设计与试验

Design and test of soil-fertilizer mixing and covering device for orchard manure deep application machine

针对果园厩肥传统深施方式存在肥料过于集中、利用率低等问题,本文设计了一种土肥碰撞混合覆土装置,主要由开沟机构、导流机构、排肥机构等组成;进行了螺旋搅龙输肥机构内厩肥颗粒的运动学分析以及切削抛送过程、导流分层过程土壤颗粒运动学分析,确定了关键参数范围,并以刀盘转速、搅龙转速和分土板偏角为因素、以土肥混合均匀度为评价指标进行台架试验,结果表明刀盘转速、搅龙转速和分土板偏角分别为152 r·min^(-1)、138 r·min^(-1)和29°时土肥混合均匀度为86.39%;对最优参数组合进行试验验证,结果显示混合均匀度为88.02%,与理论结果的相对误差为1.89%,表明该装置混合性能较好,可满足土肥混合作业要求。该研究结果可为土肥混合机械设计提供技术依据。

Aiming at the problems of excessive concentration and low utilization rate of fertilizer in the traditional deep application of orchard manure,this paper designs a soil-fertilizer collision mixing soil covering device,which is mainly composed of ditching mechanism,diversion mechanism and fertilizer discharging mechanism.The kinematics analysis of the manure particles in the screw auger fertilizer conveying mechanism and the kinematics analysis of the soil particles in the cutting and throwing process and the diversion and stratification process were carried out,and the key parameter ranges were determined.Further,the bench test was carried out with the rotation speed of the cutter head,the rotation speed of the auger and the deflection angle of the soil plate as the factors,and the uniformity of soil and fertilizer mixing as the evaluation index.The results showed that the mixing uniformity of soil and fertilizer was 86.39%when the rotation speed of cutter head,the rotation speed of auger and the deflection angle of soil separating plate were 152 r·min^(-1),138 r·min^(-1)and 29°,respectively.The optimal parameter combination was tested and verified.The results showed that the mixing uniformity was 88.02%,and the relative error with the theoretical result was 1.89%,indicating that the mixing performance of the device was good and could meet the requirements of soil and fertilizer mixing operation.The results of this study can provide an important reference for the design of soil-fertilizer mixing machinery.