人类福祉视角下城市生态效率时空差异与障碍诊断——以黑龙江省为例

Spatial-temporal differences and obstacles diagnosis of urban eco-efficiency from the perspective of human well-being--A case study of Heilongjiang Province

基于2010-2019年黑龙江省12个地级市的面板数据,从人类福祉视角构建城市生态效率的指标体系,运用考虑非期望产出的超效率SBM模型与Malmquist指数进行分析,揭示黑龙江省12个地级市生态效率时空差异特征及其动态变化驱动力,并利用障碍度模型识别阻碍黑龙江城市生态效率提升的关键因素。结果表明:①黑龙江省12个地级市整体效率水平呈缓慢上升态势,年均增速1.313%;②城市生态效率呈高值连片空间分布特征,逐步形成中西部和东部两条高效率城市带;③纯技术效率、技术进步是促进其全要素生产率的主导驱动因素,两者变化指数平均值分别为1.070、1.035;④黑龙江省城市生态效率的主要障碍因子为全社会固定资产投资、实际地区生产总值和全社会用电量,而人类福祉对生态效率阻碍程度相对较小。据此,从区域协调发展、找准驱动路径、加快城市绿色转型等方面提出提升城市生态效率、推动黑龙江省城市可持续发展的建议。

Based on the panel data of prefecture-level cities in Heilongjiang Province from 2010 to 2019,this paper constructed the indicator system of urban eco-efficiency from the perspective of human well-being.Utilizing the non-expectation Super-SBM model and Malmquist index,this paper revealed the characteristics of the spatial and temporal differences in eco-efficiency and drivers of dynamic changes of the 12 prefecture-level cities in Heilongjiang Province,and using the barrier degree model to identify the key factors hindering the improvement of urban eco-efficiency in Heilongjiang.The results showed that:①The overall level of eco-efficiency in the 12 prefecture-level cities of Heilongjiang Province increased slowly,with an average annual growth rate of 1.313%.②High value continuous distribution characterized the spatial distribution,which progressively forms two high-efficiency urban belts in the central and western and eastern regions.③Pure technological efficiency and technological progress were the main driving factors for promoting their total factor productivity,with the average change index of 1.070 and 1.035,respectively.④The main obstacles to the urban eco-efficiency were the whole society′s fixed assets investment,the actual gross regional product and the whole society′s electricity consumption,while human welfare had relatively less obstacles to the ecological efficiency.As a result,this paper proposed recommendations to enhance urban eco-efficiency in terms of coordinated regional development,identifying driving paths,and accelerating urban green transformation.