农业绿色发展背景下的水稻化肥减量化研究

Research on Rice Fertilizer Reduction under the Background of Agricultural Green Development

目前我国水稻种植依然存在着化肥过量施用问题。本研究参照中国水稻区域大配方化肥施用建议数据,测算了我国水稻种植的化肥减施潜力,并从播种面积、化肥施用强度、吨粮化肥用量及化肥施用总量四个维度,分析了我国水稻的化肥施用情况,在此基础上,通过聚类分析精准识别了我国水稻化肥急需减量的关键地区,进而提出水稻的化肥减量路径。结果显示:我国水稻化肥的减量潜力为229万吨;化肥急需减量的省份为江苏、安徽、黑龙江、江西、广东和广西;基于此提出我国应进一步加大水肥一体化技术在水稻种植的推广应用、提高水稻的规模化和专业化种植水平、降低农作物耕作强度、稳定水稻市场价格。

At present,there is still a problem of excessive application of chemical fertilizers in rice planting in China.Based on the recommended data of large-scale formula fertilizer application in China's rice region,this study calculated the potential of fertilizer reduction in rice planting in China,and analyzed the fertilizer application of rice in China from four dimensions:planting area,fertilizer application intensity,fertilizer application amount per ton of grain and total fertilizer application amount.On this basis,the key areas in urgent need of fertilizer reduction in rice in China were accurately identified through cluster analysis,and then the fertilizer reduction path of rice was proposed.The results show that the reduction potential of rice fertilizer in China is 2.29 million tons;the provinces in urgent need of fertilizer reduction are Jiangsu,Anhui,Heilongjiang,Jiangxi,Guangdong and Guangxi.Based on this,it is proposed that China should further increase the popularization and application of water and fertilizer integration technology in rice planting,improve the large-scale and specialized planting level of rice,reduce the farming intensity of crops,and stabilize the market price of rice.