考虑系统振动的电主轴回转误差检测方法研究

Study on Detection Method of Spindle Rotation Error ConsideringSystem Vibration

针对目前机床主轴的回转精度检测不能反映主轴在切削工况下的实际回转精度、现有三点法检测的主轴回误差信号包含了系统振动信号的问题,在传统三点法的基础上加入振动加速度传感器,实时测量系统的振动加速度,进而提出一种包含系统振动信号分离的新型三点法。首先,通过建立考虑系统振动的回转误差检测数学模型,得到系统的振动位移和传感器相对主轴的绝对位移;其次,采用误差分离技术,得到主轴在切削工况下的实际回转误差;最后,研制出一套主轴在切削工况下的回转误差检测装置并进行了实验验证。研究结果表明,所提出方法能有效提高主轴在切削工况下回转误差的检测精度。

At present,the rotation accuracy detection of the spindle of machine tools is a static test with the help of a standard ball under the no-load condition,which cannot reflect the actual rotation accuracy of the spindle in cutting conditions.Aiming at the problem that the spindle return error signal detected by the existing three-point method contains the system vibration signal,the vibration acceleration sensor is added on the basis of the traditional three-point method to measure the vibration acceleration of the system in real time.Moreover,a new three-point method including the separation of the system vibration signal is proposed,and the mathematical model of rotation error detection considering the system vibration is established.The vibration displacement of the system and the absolute displacement of the sensor relative to the spindle are obtained and then the error separation technology is used for obtaining the actual rotation error of the spindle under cutting conditions.Finally,a set of spindle rotation error detection device under cutting conditions is developed,and experimental research is carried out.The research results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively improve the detection accuracy of spindle rotation error under cutting conditions.