元代“读书工程”的设计、实施及其传承——以《程氏家塾读书分年日程》为例

The Design,Implementation and Inheritance of the“Reading Project”in theYuan Dynasty——Taking Annual Reading Schedule of Cheng Family School Outlined by“Zhu Xi’s Reading Method”

自古读书是一种高尚的行为。以元代程端礼著述的《程氏家塾读书分年日程》为例,探讨与读书行为直接相关的三个问题:一是阐明元代教育背景下的儒生必须要读的书虽为儒家经典,但解经必须遵照朱子集解;二是考察元代儒生读书以“朱子读书法”为指导纲领,既要求必须读到“烂熟”“明透”的程度,还要求终有所习得;三是探析元代儒生读书目的主要有济世和治学两种途径。由此进一步揭示《程氏家塾读书分年日程》中呈现的“读书工程”,秉承着朱子的理学教育思想,不但整体设计的思路清晰明了,而且实施过程的可操作性很强。

Reading has been a noble behaviorsince the ancient time.Taking Cheng Duanli’s Annual Reading Schedule of Cheng Family School in the Yuan Dynasty as an example,this paper discusses three issues directly related to reading behavior.First,it illustrates that the books that Confucian scholars must read under the background of the Yuan Dynasty education are Con‐fucian classics,but the interpretation of sutra must follow Zhu Zi’s collection.Second,it investigates“Zhu Xi’s reading method”treated as the principles for Confucian learners in the Yuan Dynasty,according to which students should not only read until they are“familiar”with the content and“understand”the meaning but also strive to eventually learn something.Third,it explores the Confucian scholars’aim,in the Yuan Dynasty,at helping the world and learning.Thus,it is revealed that the“Reading Project”presented in Annual Reading Schedule of Cheng Family School adheres to Zhu Zi’s Neo-Confucian educational thought,which shows both the clear overall design and thehighly-operable implementation process.