提高犊牛成活率的饲养管理综合措施

Comprehensive Feeding and Management Measures to Improve the Survival Rate of Calves

犊牛生长速度快、饲料报酬高,但对外界环境反应敏感、抗病力弱,所以这时期的饲养和管理至关重要。该文章主要从犊牛的初生开始,按照生长过程至断奶阶段综述了初生犊牛的护理(即初生犊牛的口鼻黏液清理、断脐、喂初乳)、早期断奶意义及措施、开食料和人工乳的配制及饲喂方法、犊牛的健康管理方法(包括稳定的饲喂方式、监测体温、呼吸和心跳次数、观察粪便和精神状态)以及常见病(下痢、肺炎)的发病原因和防治方法,按此方法饲养犊牛,可大大提高其成活率,为养殖场(户)犊牛的饲养提供参考。

Calves grow fast,high pay for feed,but they are sensitive to external environment,and the disease resistance is weak,this period of feeding and management is crucial.Mainly from the beginning of the calf,according to the growth process to the weaning stage,this article summarized the nursing(the newborn calf mucus cleaning,cut off the umbilical cord,colostrum),significance and measures of early weaning,preparation and feeding method of starter and artificial milk,health management of calves(these include stable feeding patterns,monitoring of body temperature,breathing and heart rate,and monitoring of feces and mental status),and the causes and prevention of common diseases(diarrhea,pneumonia),This method can greatly improve the survival rate of calves,this paper also provides a reference for breeding farm(household)calves.