中国高等教育现代化水平测度与空间分布研究

Research on measurement and spatial distribution ofmodernization level of higher education in China

为探究中国高等教育现代化建设水平及其空间差异,首先从办学规模、办学条件、国际化程度、社会效益四个方面构建高等教育现代化评价指标体系;然后采用熵权-TOPSIS法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,优劣解距离法)对2011—2021年中国高等教育现代化建设水平进行测算,并借助Dagum基尼系数、核密度估计和莫兰指数来分析“十二五”“十三五”及“十四五”开局之年中国高等教育现代化建设水平的区域差异、演变趋势及空间分布特征。研究发现:中国高等教育现代化建设水平整体呈上升趋势且存在较大的提升空间,区域呈现由东部—中部—西部递减的阶梯状分布;整体存在明显的空间差异与集聚现象,差异主要来源于区域间差异,极化现象表现为“高高”集聚省份多在东部地区,“高低”集聚省份多在西部地区。本研究结果可为高等教育现代化的实现提供实证依据,并为国家制定高等教育现代化发展政策提供可行性建议。

In order to explore the modernization level and spatial differences of higher education in China,firstly,an evaluation index system of higher education modernization was constructed from four aspects of school-running scale,school-running conditions,internationalization degree and social benefits;secondly,the entropy weight-TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution)method was applied to measure the modernization level of higher education in China from 2011 to 2021,where Dagum Gini coefficient,kernel density estimation and Moran index were used to analyze regional differences,evolution trends and spatial distribution characteristics of the modernization level of higher education in various provinces and regions from the 12th Five-Year Plan to the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan.It is found that the overall modernization level of higher education in China tends to be on the rise with still much room for improvement,and tends to be on the decrease regionally from the East to the Central to the West,with step-like distribution;on the whole,there are obvious spatial differences and agglomeration phenomena,mainly attributed to the regional differences,with the polarization phenomenon characterized by the“high and high”agglomeration provinces mostly in the eastern region and the“low and low”agglomeration provinces mostly in the western region.The results of this study can provide empirical evidence for the realization of higher education modernization and feasible suggestions for the state to formulate policies for its development.