茶多酚的生物学作用及其在猪和家禽生产中的应用

Biological functions of tea polyphenols and their application in pig and poultry production

茶多酚是从茶叶中提取的多酚类物质的总称,主要包括儿茶素类、黄酮类、花青素和酚酸。茶多酚能够抑制多种病毒的附着、增殖和蛋白表达,抑制多种有害菌的生长,调节肠道菌群平衡,通过提高总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶等活性,降低活性氧、丙二醛等水平,提高抗氧化性能。茶多酚能够通过调控核转录因子B(NF-κB)等多个信号通路缓解炎症,通过提高上皮紧密连接蛋白的表达,抑制细菌等微生物的黏附,增强肺和肠上皮细胞屏障功能。茶多酚能够提高仔猪、育肥猪的生长性能和抗氧化性能,改善肌肉品质,提高母猪的繁殖性能,提升精子和卵母细胞的功能;提升蛋鸡(尤其是老年蛋鸡)的抗氧化性能,提高蛋品质,改善鹅、鸽和蛋鸭的抗氧化性能、肌肉品质和肠道形态等。文章综述了茶多酚的组成及代谢、生物学作用及其在猪和家禽生产中的应用,以期为其在畜禽养殖中的应用提供参考。

Tea polyphenols,collectively extracted from tea leaves,mainly consist of catechins,flavones,anthocyanins,and phenolic acids.They have the ability to inhibit the adhesion,proliferation,and protein expression of various viruses,suppress the growth of a range of harmful bacteria,and regulate the balance of the gut microbiota,enhance antioxidant capacity by increasing the activity of total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase,reducing levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde,thus improving antioxidant performance.Tea polyphenols can alleviate inflammation by regulating multiple signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB),and strengthen the barrier function of epithelial cells in the lungs and intestines by increasing the expression of epithelial tight junction proteins,inhibiting the adhesion of bacteria and other microorganisms.Tea polyphenols can improve the growth performance and antioxidant capabilities of piglets and fattening pigs,enhance muscle quality,and improve the reproductive performance of sows,as well as the function of sperm and oocytes.They can also enhance the antioxidant performance of laying hens(especially older ones),improve egg quality,and improve the antioxidant properties,muscle quality and intestinal morphology of geese,pigeons and laying ducks.This article reviews the composition and metabolism of tea polyphenols,their biological functions,and their application in pigs and poultry,aiming to provide a reference for their use in livestock and poultry farming.