红豆草种质资源研究进展

Research Progress on Germplasm Resources of Sainfoin(Onobrychis viciaefolia)

红豆草(Onobrychis viciaefolia)是一种多年生豆科草本植物,产量高,富含蛋白质、粗脂肪、矿物质和氨基酸等牲畜所需的多种营养物质,适口性好、抗逆性强,素有“牧草皇后”之美誉。红豆草因富含缩合单宁而具有预防臌胀病的功能,是一种优良的豆科牧草,红豆草还具有生物固氮、改善土壤、保护生态环境等作用,在我国畜牧业发展和生态建设中发挥着重要作用。本文总结了红豆草的生物学特性、地域分布和种植栽培,特别是近年来国内外在红豆草种质资源产量、抗性和品质评价方面的研究进展,以及这些重要性状的分子机制研究,并提出存在的主要问题与展望,以期为红豆草种质资源的深入研究利用提供参考。

Onobrychis viciaefolia(sainfoin)is a perennial leguminous herbaceous plant with high yield,which is rich in various nutrients required by livestock such as protein,crude fat,minerals,and amino acids.Sainfoin has good palatability and strong stress resistance,and is known as“the Queen of Forage”.Sainfoin also functions in nitrogen fixation,soil improvement,and protection of ecological environment.Sainfoin is rich in condensed tannins,which functions in preventing bloat disease.Sainfoin is an excellent legume forage,and it plays an important role in the development of animal husbandry and ecological construction in China.This article summarizes the biological characteristics,ecological distribution,and cultivation of sainfoin,especially the research progress in the evaluation of yield,resistance,and quality of sainfoin germplasm resources both at home and abroad in recent years,as well as progress on the molecular mechanism of these important traits.The main problems and prospects are proposed,in order to provide reference for the in-depth investigation and utilization of sainfoin.