20个青贮玉米品种在陇东南地区的生产性能和营养价值评价

Evaluation of Productive Performance and Nutritional Value of 20 Silage Maize Varieties in Southeastern Gansu

为筛选出适合陇东南地区(甘肃天水)种植的优质高产青贮玉米(Zea mays)品种,本研究以20个青贮玉米品种为材料,测定并分析了各品种农艺性状、生物产量、营养物质含量及产量,并采用隶属函数法进行了综合评价。结果表明:粗蛋白含量与绿叶数、果穗数、有效果穗数、果穗长、鲜果穗重和黄叶数显著相关(P<0.05);酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量与株高、穗位高、全株叶片数和黄叶数极显著相关(P<0.01);淀粉含量与穗位高、全株叶片数、单株鲜重和株高显著相关(P<0.05)。本研究中鲜草产量达到60 t·hm^(-2)以上的品种有5个,干物质产量达到15 t·hm^(-2)以上的品种有6个,‘先玉1620’的总可消化营养物产量最高。综合评价得出,在本试验条件下,青贮综合生产性能高的品种为‘先玉1620’‘文玉3号’和‘科大101’,可以大面积在陇东南地区作为全株青贮玉米品种推广种植。

To select high-quality and high-yield silage maize varieties suitable for planting in southeastern Gansu(Tianshui City),20 silage maize varieties were used as plant materials in this study.The agronomic traits,biological yield,nutrient content and yield of them were measured and their comprehensive performance was evaluated by subordinate function values analysis.The results showed:1)the crude protein(CP)content was significantly related to the leaf number,the ear number,the effective number of ears,the length of ear,and the yellow leaf number(P<0.05).The content of acid detergent fiber(ADF)and neutral detergent fiber(NDF)were positively correlated to the plant height,the ear height,the leaf number and the yellow leaf number with extreme significance(P<0.01),respectively.The starch(ST)content was negatively correlated to the ear height,the leaf number and the fresh weight of per plant with extreme significance(P<0.01),respectively.There was a significant negative correlation(P<0.05)between the ST content and the plant height.2)Five varieties had a fresh grass yield of more than 60 t·hm^(-2),and 6 varieties had a dry matter yield of more than 15 t·hm^(-2).The variety with the highest yield the total digestible nutrients(TDN)was‘Xianyu 1620’.3)According to the comprehensive analysis,the varieties with high comprehensive silage performance were‘Xianyu 1620’‘Wenyu 3’and‘Keda 101’under the conditions of this study,which could be widely cultivated as whole-plant silage maize varieties in southeastern Gansu.