基于MGWR的街道尺度下建成环境对城市活力空间分异影响机制研究——以沈阳市中心城区为例

Impact of built environment on spatial differentiation of urban vitality at the subdistrict level based on MGWR:A case study of of Shenyang central urban area

建成环境与城市活力的关系是城乡规划领域的重点研究议题,本文以街道为研究单元,以沈阳市中心城区为研究区域,运用百度热力图数据、建筑轮廓数据、路网数据、遥感影像数据与POI数据等多源大数据,应用多尺度地理加权回归模型(MGWR模型),探讨密度、多样性、设计、目的地可达性与交通站点距离5个维度的建成环境指标对城市活力的影响机制。研究结果表明:①城市活力呈现由中心向外围逐渐减弱的圈层式结构,建成环境对于城市活力影响具有明显的空间异质性;②商业服务中心性、路网密度、建筑密度、功能混合度、地铁站点密度5个指标对各街道城市活力均呈较强的正向影响,且存在明显的空间分异规律;③绿化率、公交站点密度对于城市活力在所有街道上均表现为负向影响,且绿化率的影响强度高于公交站点密度;④人口密度对城市活力影响除马官桥街道外均呈负向影响,影响系数均较小,影响程度微弱。⑤道路交叉口密度对于中心城区西部的12个街道城市活力呈正向影响,影响系数较小,影响程度微弱,而对于其余街道均呈负向影响,且负向影响程度明显强于正向影响。

The relationship between built environment and urban vitality is a key research topic in the field of urban and rural planning.This article takes subdistrict as the research unit and the central urban area of Shenyang as the research area.Using multi-source big data such as Baidu heatmap data,building contour data,road network data,remote sensing image data,and POI,and applying a multi-scale geographically weighted regression model(MGWR model),this article explores the impact mechanism of built environment indicators on urban vitality in five dimensions:density,diversity,design,destination accessibility,and transportation station distance.The research results indicate that:1)urban vitality exhibits a gradually weakening circular structure from the center to the periphery,and the built environment has a significant spatial heterogeneity in its impact on urban vitality;2)The five indicators of commercial service centrality,road network density,building density,functional mix,and subway station density have a strong positive impact on the urban vitality of each street,and there is a clear spatial differentiation pattern;3)The greening rate and bus stop density have a negative impact on urban vitality on all streets,and the impact intensity of greening rate is higher than that of bus stop density;4)The impact of population density on urban vitality is negative except for Maguanqiao Street,and the coefficient of influence is relatively small,with a weak degree of influence.5)The density of road intersections has a positive impact on the urban vitality of the 12 streets in the western central urban area,with a small coefficient of influence and a weak degree of influence.However,it has a negative impact on the other streets,and the negative impact is significantly stronger than the positive impact.