中国共产党报刊党性原则的嬗变(1921-1949)

The Evolution of the CPC News Enterprise’s Party Character Principle(1921-1949)

在马克思主义政党的报刊党性原则中,长期存在思想理论与实践方法的交织互动。马克思、恩格斯从发展科学社会主义的角度出发,强调党报应相对独立于党组织,自主地贯彻、宣传党的精神。列宁将党性内涵从指导思想层面转移至组织意志层面,要求党报在组织和办报方向上予以遵守。中国共产党初期基本接受列宁对党性内涵的界定,并在灵活体现党的主张、以马列主义统合宣传内容等方面做出探索。整风运动中,毛泽东等人将报刊党性内涵发展为以我为主的立场和实事求是的哲学态度,强调报刊工作者的认识自觉和作风建设。整风运动后,中国共产党逐渐将党性内涵拓展至人民最高利益,并从党向党报学习、记者的党性两个角度,丰富对党性与真实性关系的认识。总体来看,中国共产党在延安整风运动前,以丰富的实践方法调适外来的报刊党性原则与本土命题之间的张力,继而将实践经验上升为理论,通过对党性原则的创新与重释,确立民族立场、实事求是、人民性的新闻原则地位。这既为毛泽东等人建立中国无产阶级新闻理论奠定基础,亦对我们构建中国新闻学自主知识体系具有启发意义。

In the principle of party character in Marxist parties’news enterprise,there has long been an interweaving interaction between theory and practical methods.Starting from the perspective of developing scientific socialism,Marx and Engels emphasized that party newspapers should independently carry out and promote the spirit of the party.Lenin shifted the connotation of party character from guiding ideology to organizational will,demanding that newspapers comply with the organizational and editorial directions.The CPC essentially accepted Lenin’s definition of party character and explored flexible approaches in embodying the party’s principles and strengthening theoretical propaganda.During the Rectification Movement,Chinese Communists led by Mao Zedong transformed the main connotation of party character into the party’s stance and the philosophical attitude of seeking truth from facts,emphasizing journalists’conscious understanding.After the Rectification Movement,the CPC summarized the experience in implementing the party character principle,expanding its interpretation to the highest interests of the people and enriching the understanding of the relationship between party character and truthfulness.Overall,the party character principle expounded by Marx,Engels and Lenin,when introduced and put into practice by the CPC,became intertwined with the local propositions such as nationalism and truthfulness,as well as the Chinese revolutionary environment.During this process,the CPC elevated certain practical methods to the level of ideological principles,achieving the Sinicization of the party character principle.This not only laid the groundwork for Mao Zedong and others to establish a proletarian news theory in China,but also provided inspiring implications for constructing an independent knowledge system in Chinese journalism studies.