政府行为特质视角下超大城市公共卫生治理工具分类与例证分析

Analysis on classification and examples of public health governance tools in megacities from the perspective of government behavior characteristics

公共卫生治理作为国家治理的重要组成部分,既需要上层设计和政府行为的主导,也需要丰富且经得起实践验证的治理工具。文章从政府行为特质视角出发,按照国家干预程度和工具强制性程度,将治理工具分为强制性工具、自愿性工具和混合性工具。结合公共卫生治理实践情况,阐明法治与伦理规制、数字化管理与信息化建设、公众健康价值取向与公众参与、公共卫生学科建设与人才培养、资金与设施物资保障5种治理工具例证。提出公共卫生治理工具的应用建议:强化政府统筹,注重治理工具的协同推进和组合优化;强化项目治理,促进平急结合理念贯穿治理工具的应用,从而推动超大城市乃至城市群的公共卫生治理体系和治理能力现代化建设。

Public health governance is an important component of national governance,in need of upper-level design and government behavior,with rich and practical governance tools.Public health governance tools are divided into mandatory tools,voluntary tools and mixed tools according to the degree of national intervention and tool compulsion from the perspective of government behavioral characteristics.Combining with the practice of public health governance,it clarifies the tools’examples including the law rule and ethical regulations,digitalized management and informatization construction,public health values and public participation,talents training and disciplinary construction,and funding and facility materials support.Application suggestions for public health governance tools are proposed to strengthen government coordination and focus on the collaborative promotion and combination optimization of governance tools,and to strengthen project governance and promote the integration of peacetime and wartime concepts throughout the application of governance tools.The modernization of public health governance systems and governance capabilities will be promoted in megacities and even urban agglomerations.