我国大气二氧化氮污染防治政策研究

Policy research on prevention and control of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide pollution in China

目的梳理并分析我国大气二氧化氮污染防治政策及其制定背景和现实因素,为环境治理和标准完善提供理论依据。方法基于北大法宝法律法规数据库,检索收集与二氧化氮相关的政策,并对这些政策的数量、重点、标准制定等进行可视化分析。结果1982—2023年,大气二氧化氮污染防治政策重点经历了标准制定完善、环境监测建设及工业技术提高3个关键阶段。尽管对《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095—1996)中二氧化氮的浓度限值进行多次修订,但距上一次修订已超过10年,现行标准缺乏引领作用。未来修订《环境空气质量标准》需在借鉴国际标准的基础上,充分考虑我国的经济发展水平、污染暴露特征和人群暴露情况。结论40年来,我国大气二氧化氮污染防治政策的重点发生了阶段性变化。未来需开展更多关于本土环境污染和人群健康研究,为我国空气质量基准体系的建立和空气质量标准的修订提供支撑。

Objective To sort out and analyze China’s atmospheric nitrogen dioxide pollution prevention and control policies and their formulation of the background and practical factors,provide thevretical basis for evioronmental governance and standard improvement,provide thevretical basis for evironental governance and standard improvement.Methods Based on the Peking University Legal Database,nitrogen dioxide related policies were collected through literature search,and the quantities,focuses,and standard-setting of these policies were visualized and analyzed.Results From 1982 to 2023,the focuses of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide pollution prevention and control policies went through three key phases:standard setting and improvement,construction of environmental monitoring,and improvement of industrial technology.Although the concentration limits of nitrogen dioxide in the Ambient Air Quality Standard(GB 3095—1996)had been revised several times,it had been more than ten years since the last revision,and the current standards lacked a leading role.Future revisions of Ambient Air Quality Standards needed to be based on international standards,with full consideration of the country’s level of economic development,pollution exposure characteristics and population exposure.Conclusion There have been phased changes in the focus of China’s atmospheric nitrogen dioxide pollution control policies over the past 40 years.Therefore,more studies on local environmental pollution and population health should be conducted in the future to support the establishment of China’s air quality criteria system and the revision of ambient air quality standards.