某市轨道交通列车客室空调卫生调查研究

Hygienic investigation of air conditioning in passenger compartment of metro carriages in a city

目的了解我国某市轨道交通列车客室空调通风系统卫生现状,提出卫生设计和管理建议。方法选取某市10套列车客室空调开展卫生设计和管理情况调查,检测其风管内表面细菌总数、真菌总数,送风中细菌总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌、可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))和冷凝水中嗜肺军团菌。结果列车客室空调存在新风口过滤装置效能较低、空调机组清洗频率较低等卫生设计和管理上的不足。卫生学检测结果显示,送风中细菌总数合格率为70%;运营前组客室空调送风中PM_(10)污染较运营后更严重(P<0.05);清洗后运行>19个月组的客室空调微生物污染较运营<2个月组的更严重,而送风中PM_(10)污染水平更低(P<0.05)。结论某市轨道交通列车客室空调存在一定卫生问题,应采取加装中效空气过滤装置、提高空调相关部件清洗频率、制定预防空气或密切接触传播性疾病应急预案等控制措施。

Objective To understand the hygienic status of air conditioning and ventilation system in passenger rooms of urban rail transit in a city in China,and to provide suggestions for hygienic design and management.Methods Selecting 10 sets of air conditioning systems in passenger rooms of trains in the city to investigate health design and management situation,and detecting total bacteria count and total epiphyte count in inner surface of air duct,total bacteria count,total epiphyte count,β-hemolytic streptococcus and PM_(10) in supply air,and legionella pneumophila of condensate water.Results There were some deficiencies in health design and management of air conditioning systems,such as low efficiency of fresh air filter device,low cleaning frequency of air conditioning equipment,etc.Hygienic test results showed that the pass rate of total bacteria count in supply air was 70%;the pollution of PM_(10) in supply air of pre-operation group was more severe compared with operation(P<0.05);compared with operation group<2 months,the pollution of microbial of operation group<2 months group>19 months group was more severe,and the pollution level of PM_(10) in supply air was lower(P<0.05).Conclusion There are some hygienic problems in the air conditioning system in passenger rooms of urban rail transit in the city.Control measures should be taken in the future,such as install medium efficiency air filer device,increase the cleaning frequency of related components of air condition,develop emergency plans to prevent air or close contact with communicable diseases,etc.