货车轮轴质量自动检测系统研究

Research on Automatic Quality Detection System of Freight Car Wheel Axle

当前货车轮轴检修的收入检查环节自动化程度较低且部分工序标准不统一,一定程度上制约轮轴检修的效率和质量。鉴于此,整合多种技术手段开发了适用于当前轮轴收入检查制度的质量自动检测系统。系统基于射频识别(RFID)技术获取轮轴收入基本信息,利用机器视觉技术实现轮对各部位尺寸的非接触测量并同步检查踏面伤损,依据轮轴信息自动检测轴承轴向游隙,分析轴承振动信号的时域和频域特征以诊断其故障。通过对各种型号和技术状态的轮轴进行实测,对系统的轮轴信息识别准确性、轮轴尺寸检测精度和稳定性、轴承故障诊断能力等进行了分析验证。

The automation degree in the entry inspection of railway freight car wheel axle is low and some process standards are not uniform,which restricts the efficiency and quality of inspection to a certain extent.In view of this,an automatic quality detection system suitable for the current entry inspection was developed by integrating various technical means.The system obtains the basic information of wheel axle based on RFID,uses machine vision technology to realize non-contact measurement of the dimensions of each part of the wheelset and checks the wheel tread damage synchronically,automatically detects the axial clearance of the bearing according to the axle information,and diagnoses the bearing fault by analyzing vibration signals of the bearing with the methods of frequency domain.The accuracy of information identification,the accuracy and stability of dimension measurement and the bearing fault diagnosis ability of the system were analyzed and verified by testing various wheel axle in different technical states.