新质生产力推动全球价值链攀升:理论逻辑与现实路径

New quality productivity promotes global value chain climbing:Theoretical logic and realistic path

新质生产力是生产力的新质态,是应用新技术、催生新产业、开辟新赛道、孕育新价值、重塑新动能的新型生产力。加快形成新质生产力不仅是中国突破价值链低端嵌入和低端锁定困境、实现全球价值链攀升的重要抓手,也能够促进国内价值链深化,实现全球价值链与国内价值链两条价值环流良性互动。本文丰富拓展新质生产力的核心要义与时代内涵,理清阐释新质生产力推动全球价值链攀升的逻辑机理,探讨挖掘新质生产力推动全球价值链攀升的现实路径。研究发现,相较于传统生产力,新质生产力由科技创新推动,布局战略性新兴产业和未来产业,致力于提升中国对整个全球价值链贸易网络的控制力,加快实现从全球价值链中低端向高端攀升。新质生产力以创新为新引擎,以战略性新兴产业为主阵地,以未来产业为策源地,发挥高素质人才的主力军作用,通过实现工序升级、产品升级和链条升级等途径推进全球价值链攀升。新质生产力以国内国际双循环相互促进为基础,以国内大循环为主阵地,以国内国际双循环为支撑,以构建国内价值链和全球价值链协同提升为重点,提升中国在全球价值链中的分工地位,培育国内价值链的竞争力;以绿色生产力与数字生产力双轮驱动为新动能,以有为政府与有效市场两部门结合为着力点,发挥有效市场的促进作用,发挥有为政府的引领作用,以人才引培制度与“链长制”为政策支撑,持续推动全球价值链攀升。面对当前国际背景和国内形势,必须牢牢把握生产力发展跃迁的大趋势,通过新质生产力的形成建立起一套符合中国国情的全球价值链攀升路径,加快塑造未来发展新优势,培育新动能,把握新机遇。新质生产力的形成能改变中国全球价值链“低端锁定”的被动局面并确保产业链安全韧性,为后发国家或地区在提升全球价值链地位、实现价值链升级方面提供中国方案与中国智慧,对中国抢抓全球价值链重塑契机下更深层次地提升竞争优势,实现中国式现代化具有重要理论价值和现实意义。

New quality productivity is a new type of productivity that applies new technologies,spawns new industries,opens up new tracks,breeds new values,and reshapes new kinetic energy.Accelerating the formation of new quality productivity is not only an important hand for China to break through the dilemma of low-end embeddedness and low-end locking in the value chain,and realize the upward climb of the global value chain,but also to promote the deepening of the domestic value chain,and to realize the benign interaction of the two value circuits of the global value chain and the domestic value chain.This paper enriches and expands the core meaning and contemporary connotation of the new quality productivity,clarifies and explains the logical mechanism of the new quality productivity to promote the upgrading of global value chain,and explores the realistic path of tapping the new quality productivity to promote the upgrading of global value chain.The study finds that compared with the traditional productivity,the new quality productivity is driven by scientific and technological innovation,and it is dedicated to enhancing China’s control over the trade network of the entire global value chain and accelerating the upgrading from the middle and low ends to the high end of the global value chain by laying the groundwork for the strategic emerging industries and the industries of the future.With innovation as the new engine,strategic emerging industries as the main position and future industries as the source,the new quality productivity plays the role of the main force of high-quality talents,and promotes the upgrading of the global value chain through the upgrading of processes,products and chains.The new quality productivity is based on the mutual promotion of domestic and international dual cycles,with the domestic general cycle as the main position and the domestic and foreign dual cycles as the support;focusing on the construction of the domestic value chain and the synergistic enhancement of the global value chain,to improve China’s position in the division of labor in the global value chain and to cultivate the competitiveness of the domestic value chain;with the dual driving force of the green productivity and the digital productivity as the new kinetic force,and with the combination of the two sectors of the effective government and the effective market as the focus point,to play the role of the effective market and the leading role of the effective government;and with the talent attraction and training system and the chain leader system as the policy support,to promote the upgrading of global value chains.In the face of the current international background and domestic situation,it is necessary to firmly grasp the general trend of productivity development,establish a set of paths for upgrading the status of the value chain in line with China’s national conditions through the formation of new quality productivity,accelerate the shaping of new advantages for future development,and cultivate new kinetic energies to grasp new opportunities.The formation of new quality productivity can change the passive situation of“low-end lock”in China’s global value chain and ensure the security and resilience of the industrial chain,and provide Chinese solutions and wisdom for late-developed countries or regions in upgrading their position in the global value chain and realizing the upgrading of the value chain.It is of great theoretical value and practical significance for China to seize the opportunity of global value chain reshaping to enhance its competitive advantage at a deeper level and realize Chinese-style modernization.