“以典育人”视域下习近平用典艺术对思想政治教育的价值重构

The value reconstruction of Xi Jinping’s art of using of allusions for ideological and political education from the perspective of“educating people with classics”

习近平用典艺术是习近平文化思想的重要组成部分,既秉持“返本开新”的文化自信态度,又立足中华民族数千年文明实践,闪耀着坚持以“创造性转化和创新性发展”为要义的文化“两创”方针的思想光芒,鲜活体现了习近平文化思想所蕴含的文化自信、中国智慧及育人指向,赋予其用典艺术以宏阔的思想价值。中华优秀传统文化与思想政治教育在价值维度具有天然的互通性,而典故作为具有浓缩性与传承性的中华优秀传统文化印记,彰显着思想与情感“聚合体”特征,能够为新时代思想政治教育的价值重构提供重要思想文化源泉。结合习近平总书记用典的内涵及特色,探索其用典艺术的历史厚度、文化底蕴与现实深度,发掘其中丰富的育人智慧,既是贯彻习近平文化思想的新时代实践,也对重构思想政治教育原则、内容和方法具有重要理论与实践价值。思想政治教育的原则重构,应坚持守正创新原则,把握育人“方向性”与“创新性”相统一的时代要求;坚持问题导向原则,突出育人“历史感”与“时代感”相贯通的现实指向;坚持博采众长原则,彰显育人“民族性”与“世界性”相融合的文化底蕴。思想政治教育的内容重构,应将传统思想文化精神联系于治国理政现实问题,并在“以文化人”语境中使先贤价值理念与当今时代主流价值观紧密呼应,凸显育人广度与深度、增强育人力度与效度。思想政治教育的方法重构,应发掘中华人文经典中传统思维方法的新时代内涵,教育对象形成健康向上的国家观、人生观、义利观等;还应创新运用传统文化实践智慧,为思想政治教育与时俱进地强化目标导向、加强榜样示范、开展因材施教,以及提升教师专业素养提供指引。思想政治教育应在“以典育人”视域下,发挥好中华文化典籍的新时代价值,不断开辟以中华优秀传统文化夯实育人学理依据、拓展育人话语论域、丰富育人价值意蕴的新境界。

The art of Xi Jinping’s use of allusions is an important part of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture.It not only upholds the attitude of“returning to the origin and establishing new spirit”of cultural confidence,but also bases on the practice of thousands of years of civilization of the Chinese nation,highlights the ideological light of adhering to the cultural“two innovations”policy of“creative transformation and innovative development”,and vividly embodies the cultural confidence,Chinese wisdom and the educational orientation contained in Xi Jinping Thought on Culture,and gives the art of his use of allusions a broad ideological value.Fine traditional Chinese culture and ideological and political education have a natural interoperability in the value dimension.Allusions,as a concentrated and inherited imprint of Chinese excellent traditional culture,manifest the characteristics of the combination of thought and emotion,and can provide an important ideological and cultural source for the value reconstruction of ideological and political education in the new era.Combining with the connotation and characteristics of Xi Jinping’s art of using allusions,exploring the historical thickness,cultural heritage and practical depth of his expression of allusions and discovering the rich wisdom of cultivating people,is not only a new-age practice of implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Culture,but also an important theoretical and practical value for the reconstruction of the principles,contents and methods of ideological and political education.The principle reconstruction of ideological and political education should adhere to the principle of upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground,and grasp the requirements of the times that harmonizes“orientation”and“innovation”of educating people;adhere to the problem-oriented principle,and highlight the realistic orientation of the combination of“sense of history”and“sense of innovation”of educating people;adhere to the principle of learning widely from others’strong points,and manifest the cultural heritage of the harmony of“nationalism”and“universality”of educating people.The content reconstruction of ideological and political education should link the traditional ideological and cultural spirit with the realities of governance,make the values of the sages be closely echoed with the mainstream values of the times in the context of“educating people with culture”,highlight the breadth and depth of education and enhance the intensity and validity of education.The method reconstruction of ideological and political education should explore the connotation of traditional thinking methods in the Chinese humanistic classics in the new era,and shape a healthy and optimistic view of the country,life and interests of the education objects.We should also make innovative use of the practical wisdom of traditional culture to provide guidance for ideological and political education to strengthen goal orientation,enhance role modeling,teach students according to their aptitude,and improve teachers’professionalism.Ideological and political education should be based on the perspective of“educating people with classics”,and should give full play to the new era value of Chinese cultural classics,continuously open up new ways to consolidate the theoretical basis,expand the discourse field and enrich the value of educating people by means of using the excellent traditional Chinese culture.