批判二元对立思维——对马克思主义实践观、自然观、审美观过往研究的反思

Deconstructing Binary Oppositional Thinking——A Critical Reflection on Past Research into Marxist Perspectives of Practice,Nature,and Aesthetics

辩证的话语承诺与隐蔽的二元对立思维长期共存于20世纪20年代以来的马克思主义哲学研究工作当中。其中关于马克思主义实践观、自然观、审美观的研究表现得比较有代表性。在辩证的话语承诺掩盖着的隐蔽二元对立思维影响下,马克思主义实践观的“主体视角”与“客体视角”以及马克思主义的“自在自然”与“人化自然”、“自在之美”与“为我之美”等范畴经常被直观化、纯粹化、绝对化理解,由此导致在学理上形成一系列长期难以疏通的理论堵点。逐一反思与批判这类理论堵点及其背后隐藏的思维方式,不但有助于终结一些长期无法弥合的无效争论,而且有助于促进马克思主义哲学的当代理论体系在学理上真正完成上下贯通。

Dialectical discourse commitments have coexisted with latent binary oppositional thinking in Marxist philosophical inquiries since the 1920s.Research on Marxist perspectives of practice,nature,and aesthetics stands out as particularly representative in this context.Under the influence of covert bi⁃nary oppositions obscured by dialectical discourse,Marxist views on practice,with its"subjective"and"objective"perspectives,and conceptions of nature as"in-itself"versus"humanized"and aesthetics as"intrinsic beauty"versus"beauty for us"are often reified,purified,and absolutized.This has led to a series of stubborn theoretical bottlenecks that persistently obstruct scholarly advancements.Reflecting on and critically examining these bottlenecks and the underlying modes of thought not only facilitates the resolution of long-standing,unproductive debates but also contributes to achieving a genuinely coherent and integrated contemporary Marxist philosophical system.