人际类关系名词的语义及其词典释义

Semantic Analysis and Dictionary Interpretation of Interpersonal Relationship Nouns

人际类关系名词不同于普通名词,其语义不自足,在句子中要求有领属定语共现。根据语义类型、句法特征等,人际类关系名词可分为单向关系名词和双向关系名词;结合《现代汉语词典》中的释义分析,可进一步归纳为直接单向关系名词、间接单向关系名词、交互型双向关系名词、加合型双向关系名词四种释义模式。对《现代汉语词典》已收录的“孩子、恩人、上家、家属、同事、恋人”等关系名词词条提出的修改意见,说明《现代汉语词典》的编纂需要在词义理论发展的基础上不断修改完善。

Interpersonal relationship nouns are different from ordinary nouns,whose semantics are not self-sufficient and require the co-occurrence of the possessive attribute in the sentence.This arti⁃cle divides them into unidirectional and bidirectional relational nouns based on the semantic types and syntactic features,while combines examples from Modern Chinese Dictionary to analyze and summarize four interpretation modes:direct unidirectional relational nouns,indirect unidirectional relational nouns,interactive bidirectional relational nouns,and additive bidirectional relational nouns.Finally,the article puts forward the modification and supplement of relational noun terms in the dictionary such as"chil⁃dren,benefactors,family members,colleagues,and lovers"indicating that the definition of modern Chi⁃nese dictionary is becoming more perfect in the process of revision with the development of lexical the⁃ory.