文化线路视角下的北京三山五园水系变迁与文化价值评价研究

A Study on the Histories and Cultural Value Assessment of the Water System on the Three Hills and Five Gardens in Beijing from the Perspective of Cultural Routes

三山五园地区水系承载了明清时期北京西郊的建设与发展,依据文化线路中对于水路遗产的定义,从区域水系的历史演变中挖掘了为这一地区带来重要影响的水系衍生文化遗产——园林遗产、聚落遗产、农田遗产,并利用层次分析法去对明清时期的三类遗产进行评价,梳理并分析其文化遗产与水系的相关性,从史料与文献中分析其评分结果,最终得出园林、聚落、农田3类遗产均与三山五园地区水系紧密相关。同时进一步对比分析园林、聚落、农田3类遗产的古今变化与问题,从文化线路中整体性的视角下对三山五园地区水系的现状提出改进措施,为保护该区域的山水形成格局提供新思路,推动三山五园地区历史典范区的建设。

The water system on a group of the Three Hills and Five Gardens played a significance role in the construction and development of the western suburbs of Beijing during the Ming and Qing dynasties.Based on the definition of waterway heritage in cultural routes,the cultural heritage derived from water system that has had a profound impact on this area is explored,including garden heritage,settlement heritage,and farm land heritage.The paper attempts to evaluate these three types of heritage from the Ming and Qing periods using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP),while examining and analyzing their correlation with the water system through historical records and literature.The results demonstrate the three types of hevitage,namely garden,settlement,and farm land,are closely ratated to the water system on the Three Hills and Five Gardens in Beijing.Furthermore,a comparative analysis is conducted on the historical changes and issues concerning the garden,settlement,and farm land.Taking a holistic view from the perspective of cultural routes,improvement measures for the current state of the water system in the the Three Hills and Five Gardens region are proposed,aiming to provide new insights for preserving the region's landscape and promoting the development of this exemplary historical area.