连续铺放自走式大葱联合收获机设计与试验

Design and test of continuous laying self‑propelled combine harvester for scallion

为实现山东省济南市章丘区大葱机械化联合收获作业,研究履带底盘、限深挖掘、振动松土、清土排土、柔性夹持输送、横向铺放及驱动系统等关键技术,研发一种适应章丘大葱生物性状特点和种植模式的连续铺放自走式大葱联合收获机。该机可以一次性完成单行大葱的挖掘、振动松土、清土排土、柔性输送、横向均匀铺放等联合收获作业过程。重点阐述该机的工作原理和主要部件设计,对关键参数进行计算,对整机进行数字化建模,完成样机制作并进行田间试验。田间试验结果表明:大葱损伤率为3.2%、损失率为0.9%、含杂率为2.6%、作业效率为0.07 hm^(2)/h,该机工作稳定、适应性强、收获效果好、铺放均匀,能够满足大葱机械化联合收获作业需要。

In order to achieve the mechanized joint harvesting operations for Zhangqiu scallion,key technologies such as track chassis,limited‑depth excavation,loosening soil by vibrating,soil cleaning and disposal,flexible clamping and conveying,lateral dumping and driving systems were studied to develop a continuous laying self‑propelled scallion combine harvester,which could meet the biological traits and the planting mode of Zhangqiu scallion.The harvester could complete the operation process of scallion excavation,loosening soil by vibrating,soil cleaning and disposal,flexible conveying,lateral uniform laying of single‑row scallion.The working principle and the design of the main parts of the machine were expounded emphatically,the key parameters were calculated,the whole machine was digitally modeled,and the prototype production and field test were completed.The test results showed that the damage rate of scallions was 3.2%,the loss rate was 0.9%and the impurity rate was 2.6%,the operating efficiency was 0.07 hm^(2)/h.The machine worked stably with strong adaptability,had good harvest effect and uniform laying,which could meet the requirements of Zhangqiu scallion joint harvesting operations.