农用无人机施药技术应用研究现状

Current status of research on the application of agricultural UAV application technology

无人机施药作为一种新型施药技术,与传统施药相比作业效率高、环保、时效性强、成本低,且不会对作物和土壤造成物理损害,已广泛应用于大田作物。综述国内外农用无人机发展现状及其快速发展的原因,阐述农用无人机在玉米、水稻、小麦、棉花上的应用。分析农用无人机施药技术面临的主要问题:质量参差不齐,相关政策法规不健全;飞防专用药剂选择无标准、安全风险大;电池容量较小,电池续航能力弱;售后服务体系不完善、专业飞手培训局限等。展望农用无人机施药作业实时监测、一机多能或多机合作、生物防治、喷药方式革新等未来发展方向,以期为农用无人机施药技术的发展提供借鉴与参考。

As a new type of pesticide application technology,UAV application has been widely used in field crops because of its high operational efficiency,environmental protection,timeliness,low cost,and no physical damage to crops and soil compared with the traditional application.This paper summarizes the current situation of the development of agricultural UAV at home and abroad and puts forward the reasons for its rapid development,and describes the application of agricultural UAV on corn,rice,wheat,and cotton,and analyzes the main problems faced by agricultural drone application technology as follows:uneven quality,relevant policies,and regulations are not sound,the selection of special agents for fly‑anti‑drug control is not standardized,the safety risk is large,the battery range is weak,the after‑sales service system is imperfect,and the training of flyers is limited,et al,and puts forward a proposal to address the above problems.In addition,it also looks forward to the future development direction of real‑time monitoring of UAV application operation,multi‑functional or multi‑machine cooperation,biological control,spraying method innovation,et al,to provide a reference for the development of agricultural UAV application technology.