基于液滴长短轴变化对彩虹色散效应的研究

Research on Rainbow Dispersion Effect Based on Long Short Axis Variations of Droplets

本文将彩虹的几何理论与菲涅尔波动理论相结合,总结了影响彩虹现象的因素,并对空气中液滴的长短轴变化产生的影响进行了讨论,通过理论分析、计算机模拟和实验验证,发现当液滴长短轴相等时,半径的变化与产生虹的光强成正比,入射光强越强,正比的系数即变化的程度越大;当长短轴不相等即为椭球体时,需要将光束汇聚和光束能量综合,以判断不同长短轴椭球形成彩虹的观测角度。该研究有利于理解彩虹现象,了解光学的几何理论与菲涅尔公式的综合应用。

This article combines the geometric theory of rainbows with the Fresnel wave theory,summarizes the factors that affect rainbow phenomena,and discusses the effects of changes in the long and short axes of droplets in air.Through theoretical analysis,computer simulation,and experimental verification,it is found that when the long and short axes of droplets are equal,the change in radius is directly proportional to the intensity of the rainbow produced.The stronger the incident light intensity,the greater the degree of change in the proportional coefficient;When the long and short axes are not equal,it is necessary to combine the beam convergence and beam energy to determine the observation angle at which different long and short axis ellipsoids form a rainbow.This study is beneficial for understanding the rainbow phenomenon and the comprehensive application of optical geometry theory and Fresnel formula.