以圣贤为己任:论朱熹的立志观

Embracing the Responsibility of Becoming a Sage:A Study on Zhu Xi's View of Aspiration

朱熹的立志观,以成圣为核心。志是“心之所之”,是人心理活动所追求的目标。志向对于人生至关重要。在成圣的意义上,人要以圣贤为己任,树立学为圣人的志向,这是成圣的首要环节。为保证自身之志放在求为圣人的方向上,个体必须获得学为圣人的真知,这也是力行圣人之学的关键。同时,还要做到持志和养气,内外交相培养。朱熹的立志观,有着较为强烈的现实关怀,他要将南宋士人从科举利禄中拯救出来,使他们树立学为圣人的伟大志向。朱熹的立志观着重在“心”做工夫,具有鲜明的为己之学的特点,在今天仍有时代价值。

Zhu Xi's view of aspiration revolves around the core idea of achieving sagehood.Aspiration is the"destination of the heart',referring to the goal that the human mind seeks.It plays a crucial role in one's life.In the pursuit of sagehood,individuals must embrace the responsibility of becoming sages and establish their aspiration to learn from the saints.That is the fundamental step towards achieving sagehood.To ensure that one's own aspirations are directed towards becoming a sage,individuals must acquire the true knowledge of learning from the saints.This is also the key to practicing the teachings of the sages.At the same time,one must maintain their aspirations and cultivate their inner and outer virtues.Zhu Xi's view of aspiration demonstrates a strong concern for the realities of life.He sought to rescue the scholars of the Southern Song dynasty from the pursuit of fame and fortune through imperial examinations,encouraging them to establish the noble aspiration of learning from the saints.Zhu Xi placed great emphasis on cultivating the mind(heart),highlighting the characteristics of self-cultivation in his view of aspiration,which still holds value in contemporary society.