基于实验语音学的蒙古族学生声调偏误分析

Analysis of Mongolian Students’Vocal Deviation Based on Experimental Phonetics

蒙古族学生习得国家通用语言,声调是一个突出的问题。运用Praat软件进行研究分析,在规定的采样率下采集了12名蒙古族学生单字调的声调格局、调长、调域,并与普通话进行对比,得到了蒙古族学生的声调特点。研究发现,蒙古族学生的普通话调值总体偏低。蒙古族学生的普通话发音调型与普通话调型差距较大,尤其是上声调,多数蒙古族学生的上声调只有降调无升调,小部分蒙古族学生发声时有升调,但升调主要集中在低调域。曲拱方面,多以平拱和降拱为主,调长、调域都比普通话的发音短。

Tone is a prominent problem for Mongolian students to acquire the national common language.Using Praat software,the tonal pattern,tonal length and tonal domain of 12 Mongolian students were collected under the specified sampling rate,and compared with Putonghua,the tonal characteristics of Mongolian students were obtained.The study found that Mongolian students’Putonghua adjustment value was generally low.There is a big difference between the intonation of Mongolian students’Putonghua and that of Putonghua,especially the upper intonation.Most Mongolian students only have descending tones and no ascending tones in the upper tones.A small number of Mongolian students have ascending tones but the ascending tones is mainly concentrated in the lower tonal domains.The curved arch is mainly flat and descending arches,and the tonal lengths and domain are shorter than that of Put-onghua.