《中华人民共和国档案法》语言模糊性的治理路径

Governance Path of Language Fuzziness in Archives Law of the People's Republic of China

2021年实施的《档案法》中存在一定数量的不确定法律概念,导致《档案法》语言模糊。这不仅减损了《档案法》应有的明确品性,也对档案开放和利用、相关档案主体合法权利保障及社会力量参与档案工作造成了一定的负面影响,亟须加以治理。但从另一个方面来说,不确定法律概念的存在也是弥补立法有限理性、增强档案主管部门行政能动性的必然结果。所以对它的治理不是要消除不确定法律概念,而是应当针对不确定法律概念背后的解释权、使用权进行规范,尽可能剔除其中的主观任性和恣意。有鉴于此,可以考虑建立一套包括行政合理性原则、裁量基准、事后救济机制等在内的综合体系,对《档案法》中不确定法律概念进行系统性规范。

There are a certain number of uncertain legal concepts in the Archives Law,which was implemented in 2021,leading to the ambiguity of the language of the Archives Law.This not only undermines the clear character of the Archives Law,but also has a certain negative impact on the opening and utilization of archives,the protection of the legitimate rights of relevant archival subjects,and the participation of social forces in archives work,which needs to be addressed urgently.But on the other hand,the existence of uncertain legal concept is also the inevitable result of making up for the limited rationality of legislation and enhancing the administrative initiative of the archives department.Therefore,its governance is not to eliminate the uncertain legal concept,but to regulate the interpretation right and use right behind the uncertain legal concept,and to eliminate the subjective willfulness and arbitrariness as far as possible.In view of this,we can consider establishing a comprehensive system including the principle of administrative rationality,the discretion basis,the ex post relief mechanism,etc.,to systematically standardize the uncertain legal concepts in the Archives Law.