国有档案公布权争议的理论回应与规范调适

Theoretical Response and Normative Adjustment to the Dispute over the Right to Publish State-owned Archives

国有档案公布权是当前学术研究与立法实践中的热点话题,但陷入了对其法律性质与立法设置的观点争议之中。以类型化思维审视之可以发现,存在属于档案机构和档案用户的两类公布权,前者本质为档案开放方式,无须在档案立法中专门规定,后者本质为档案利用权能,应当在档案立法中予以规定。在此理论指引下,基于档案法制现状,可以从解释论与立法论两条进路完善档案公布权规则:解释论进路是通过修订《档案法》配套实施细则,对档案公布权加以解释,使之能够发挥保障档案用户公布档案的实用功能;立法论进路是通过直接修改《档案法》,取消档案机构之公布权的立法设置,增设档案用户之公布权的立法规定,并调整档案公布权所处章节的整体布局。

The right to publish state-owned archives is a hot topic in current academic research and legislative practice,but it has fallen into controversy over the legal nature and legislative setting.From a typological perspective,it can be observed that there are two types of publication rights,belonging to archival institutions and archival users respectively.The former is essentially a form of archival openness and does not need to be specif ically stipulated in archival legislation,while the latter essentially involves the right and ability to utilize archives and should be regulated in archival legislation.Guided by this theory,based on the current situation of archival legislation,two approaches can be taken to improve the rules on the right to disclose stateowned archives:interpretive theory and legislative theory.The interpretive approach involves amending the complementary implementation rules of the Archives Law to interpret the right to publish state-owned archives,thereby enabling it to ensure the practical function of facilitating the publication of state-owned archives by archival users.The legislative approach entails directly amending the Archives Law,abolishing the legislative setting of the right to publish of archives institutions,adding legislative provisions regarding the right to publish of archives users,and adjusting the overall layout of the chapter in which the right to publish of archives is located.