数字聚合酶链式反应技术在食品安全核酸检测领域中的研究进展及标准化现状

Progress in the Application of Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction in Food Safety Detection and Current Status of Its Standardization

数字聚合酶链式反应(digital polymerase chain reaction,dPCR)是一种新型核酸扩增技术,无需借助内参基因和标准曲线,通过极限稀释和泊松分布统计即可实现核酸单分子层面的绝对定量分析,具有高灵敏度、高精确度和高耐受性等技术优势,在食品安全核酸检测领域具有极大的发展潜力。本文介绍了dPCR的技术原理、优缺点及商业化平台,综述了dPCR在食源性致病菌检测、动物和植物源性成分检测、转基因成分检测和食源性病毒检测等领域的研究进展及标准化现状,并分析了该技术存在的技术难题和未来发展方向,以期为dPCR在食品安全核酸检测领域中的应用推广和标准制定提供研究思路。

Digital polymerase chain reaction(dPCR)is a novel nucleic acid amplification technology that enables absolute quantitative analysis of nucleic acid at the single-molecule level through extreme dilution and Poisson distribution statistics without any need for internal reference genes or standard curves.It has the advantages of high sensitivity,accuracy and tolerance,and has great development potential in the field of food safety detection.This paper introduces the technical principle,advantages and disadvantages,and commercial platforms of dPCR,and summarizes recent progress in the application of dPCR in the fields of foodborne pathogen detection,animal-and plant-derived component detection,genetically modified component detection,and foodborne virus detection and the current status of the standardization of dPCR.The problems existing in this technology and possible future development directions are discussed.We hope that this review can provide ideas for promoting the application of dPCR in food safety detection and formulating a standard for dPCR.