城市地下综合交通枢纽站及周边隧道防灾救援管理体系探究

Disaster Prevention and Evacuation Rescue Management System for Urban Underground Comprehensive Transportation Hub Station and Peripheral Tunnels

城市铁路隧道多以地下综合交通枢纽站为中心,包含多条放射状铁路线路,因周围地面建筑物复杂、紧急出口设置困难、多交通方式汇集等特点,防灾疏散救援难度极大。因此,为满足复杂城市铁路隧道的防灾疏散救援需求,基于城市铁路隧道结构、灾害类型等特点,结合资料调研及理论分析,对城市铁路隧道防灾疏散救援区段、事故等级、分区分级运营管理机制等内容开展研究。结果表明:1)考虑结构型式、隧道连接的目标城市的方向及防灾疏散救援功能和特点等因素,建立地下综合交通枢纽站及隧道区段划分方法;2)依据处置措施类型,可将城市铁路隧道事故划分为日常事故及紧急事故2类,紧急事故又可依据预计影响程度和实时灾情信息进一步划分为特别重大事故、重大事故、较大事故及一般事故,并进行分级管理;3)建立城市铁路隧道防灾疏散救援分级分区运营管理机制,在综合交通枢纽站内特设综合交通枢纽站专职应急组织机构,以实现多交通方式联动救援。

The urban tunnel is mostly centered on underground comprehensive transportation hub station,which contain multiple radial railway lines.Due to the complexity of the surrounding ground buildings,the difficulty of setting up emergency exits and the convergence for multiple modes of transportation,it is difficult to prevent and evacuate.Therefore,in this paper,in order to meet the needs of disaster prevention and evacuation rescue in complex urban railway tunnels,data research and theoretical analysis are conducted,based on the structure characteristics and disaster types of urban railway tunnel,research is carried out on the zones of disaster prevention and evacuation,the accident grades,and the management mechanism for different zones and grades to the urban railway tunnel.The results show that:(1)Considering factors such as structural type,direction of the target city to which the tunnel is connected,the function and characteristic of disaster prevention,evacuation and rescue,etc.,a method of dividing the underground integrated transport hub station and tunnel sections is established.(2)According to the type of disposal measures,the accidents of urban railway tunnel are divided into daily and emergency accidents. And the emergency accidents are further divided into particularly major, major, large, and general accidents according to the anticipated impact levels and real- time disaster information. The hierarchical management is carried out for different grades of accidents. (3) The management mechanism of disaster prevention and evacuation in different zones and grades is established for urban railway tunnel, and the full-time emergency organization is set up at comprehensive transportation hub station to realize multi-transportation joint rescue.