登革热媒介伊蚊传病机制及“蚊虫岛”理论的提出与应用

The vector competence of dengue-borne Aedes mosquitoes and the application of the Aedes"mosquito island"theory

登革热防控是国家重大传染病防控的现实需求,控制策略需要理论创新和技术突破。因为城市环境中蚊虫生境的多态性,白纹伊蚊在城市环境中不均一存在,这种不均一表现在2个方面:一是蚊密度不均一,不同生境蚊密度高低不同;二是媒介效能不均一,即使同一个城市,不同生境的白纹伊蚊媒介效能具有明显差异。媒介效能高的白纹伊蚊在城市中的分布就像是海中小岛,称之为“蚊虫岛”。识别这些“蚊虫岛”的分布和范围,在登革热暴发时,结合媒介伊蚊日活动节律和创新超低容量喷雾技术,针对“蚊虫岛”采取重点区域灭蚊策略,可在减少杀虫剂喷洒的同时,提高灭蚊效率,快速控制登革热疫情。

Dengue fever prevention and control is an urgent need for addressing major infectious diseases in China,and the control strategies need theoretical innovation and technological breakthroughs.Aedes albopictus,the dengue-borne mosquito,exhibits polymorphism in urban environments,resulting in heterogeneous mosquito habitats.This heterogeneity is evident in two aspects:firstly,varying mosquito densities across different habitats,and secondly,differences in vector competence of Aedes albopictus within the same city.The distribution of Aedes albopictus with high vector competence forms discrete"mosquito islands"within the city,analogous to small islands in the sea.Identifying the distribution and scope of these"mosquito islands",combined with vector Aedes daily activity rhythm and innovative ultra-low volume spray technology,can facilitate targeted mosquito control strategies during dengue outbreaks.This approach reduces insecticide spraying,improves mosquito control efficiency,and enables rapid dengue epidemic control.