福建省2009—2023年登革热流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Fujian Province,2009-2023

目的分析2009—2023年福建省登革热发病趋势和流行特征,探索高发人群和热点区域,为制定针对性防控措施提供科学依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2009—2023年福建省登革热监测资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析,并对各县(区)发病率进行空间自相关分析。结果2009—2023年福建省登革热共报告发病3586例,年均发病率为0.61/10万,疫情总体呈逐年上升趋势(Z=18.35,P<0.001)。其中本地病例2362例、输入病例1224例,本地/输入比为1.93∶1(2362∶1224)。本地病例主要分布在福州市、莆田市和南平市,合计占87.81%(2074/2362);输入病例主要分布在泉州市、福州市和厦门市,合计占72.55%(888/1224)。本地/输入比,福州市、南平市和莆田市分别为6.20∶1(1557∶251)、3.92∶1(145∶37)、3.32∶1(372∶112),均高于全省平均水平。本地疫情空间分布呈聚类模式,有12个发病热点区域,均为福州市所辖县区。发病具有明显季节性:境外输入以7—9月(占45.73%,519/1135)为主,省外输入以8—11月(占93.25%,83/89)为主,本地病例以8—10月(占97.50%,2303/2362)为主。本地病例男女性别比0.88∶1,输入病例3.04∶1;本地病例发病年龄M(P_(25),P_(75))为48(32,62)岁,输入病例发病年龄M(P_(25),P_(75))为35(28,44)岁。结论2009—2023年福建省登革热疫情呈持续上升态势,发病存在时空聚集性,应在高发季节针对重点地区和人群加强防控措施。

Objective To analyze the incidence trend and epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Fujian Province from 2009 to 2023,identify the high-incidence population and hotspot areas,and a scientific basis for formulating targeted prevention and control measures.Methods The surveillance data of dengue fever during 2009-2023 in Fujian Province were obtained from the National Disease Reporting Information System and analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods,and the spatial autocorrelation analysis of dengue fever incidence at county/district levels was performed with ArcGlS 10.8.Results A total of 3586 cases of dengue fever were reported in Fujian Province from 2009 to 2023,with an average annual incidence rate of 0.61/100000,showing an overall increasing trend year by year(Z=18.35,P<0.001).Among them,there were 2362 local cases and 1224 imported cases,with a local/imported ratio of 1.93:1(2362/1224).The local cases were mainly distributed in Fuzhou,Putian,and Nanping,accounting for 87.81%(2074/2362).The imported cases were mainly distributed in Quanzhou,Fuzhou,and Xiamen,accounting for 72.55%(888/1224).The local/imported ratio in Fuzhou,Nanping,and Putian was 6.20:1(1557/251),3.92:1(145/37),and 3.32:1(372/112),respectively,all significantly higher than the provincial average level.The spatial distribution of the local cases showed a clustered pattern,with 12 hotspots of incidence,all located in the counties and districts under the jurisdiction of Fuzhou.The onset of the disease had obvious seasonality:imported cases from other countries or regions mainly occurred from July to September(accounting for 45.73%,519/1135),imported cases from other provinces mainly occurred from August to November(accounting for 93.25%,83/89),and local cases mainly occurred from August to October(accounting for 97.50%,2303/2362).The gender ratio for local cases was 0.88:1,and for imported cases,it was 3.04:1.The average age of onset for local cases was 48 years old(Q_(1)=32 years old,Q_(3)=62 years old),while the average age for imported cases was 35 years old(Q_(1)=28 years old,Q_(3)=44 years old).Conclusions From 2009 to 2023,the dengue fever epidemic in Fujian Province showed a continuous upward trend,with spatiotemporal clustering of incidence.Therefore,prevention and control measures should be strengthened in key areas and populations during the high-incidence season.