重庆市卫生应急人员能力建设现况及影响因素

Current situation and influencing factors of health emergency personnel capacity building in Chongqing

目的了解和评估重庆市公共卫生应急人员能力建设现况,分析影响和制约其能力建设的主要因素,提出对策建议,为进一步提升重庆市卫生应急能力提供参考依据。方法采用问卷调查和专家访谈相结合的方式,从一般情况、健康状况、培训演练情况和卫生应急能力4个维度分析重庆市39家疾病预防控制中心和10家医疗机构的卫生应急人员能力建设现状,采用Spearman等级相关分析自评健康状况与自评睡眠质量之间的相关性,利用多重线性回归分析卫生应急能力的影响因素。结果重庆市卫生应急人员超重及以上(体质量指数≥24 kg/m^(2))达34.85%,日常开展过健康监测者仅占37.92%,应急状态出现健康问题者占9.19%;年均参加2次及以上培训、2次及以上演练和1次及以上体能考核的比例分别为52.07%、22.76%和31.12%;人员应急能力平均得分为76.11分,其中最低为政策建议能力(48.59分);医学背景专业(β=1.025)、从事应急工作年限越长(β=1.774)、自评身体状况越好(β=3.664)、自评心理状况越好(β=4.362)、年均参加2次及以上演练(β=2.696)的人员,其卫生应急能力得分较高(P<0.05)。结论重庆市卫生应急能力建设仍存在一些短板,未来应优化卫生应急队伍人员结构,强化应急人员平时体能训练和应急状态下健康监测与管理,持续推进培训演练实战化、情景化和专业化,多方位多途径全面提升卫生应急人员身心素质和专业素养。

Objective To understand and evaluate the current situation of health emergency personnel capacity building in Chongqing,clarify the main factors that affect and restrict this capacity building,and propose countermeasures and suggestions.This will provide a reference for further improving the capacities of health emergency response in Chongqing.Methods Questionnaire surveys and expert interviews were used to analyze the current situation of health emergency personnel capacity building in 39 disease control and prevention centers and 10 medical institutions in Chongqing from four dimensions:general status,health status,training and drilling status,and health emergency capability.Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between self-evaluation of health status and self-evaluation of sleep quality,and multiple linear regression was employed to analyze the main factors influencing emergency response capability.Results Among Chongqing's health emergency personnel,34.85%had a BMI of overweight or above,only 37.92%regularly conducted health monitoring,and 9.19%experienced health problems during emergencies.The proportions of personnel who participated in two or more training sessions per year,two or more drills per year,and one or more physical fitness evaluations per year were 52.07%,22.76%,and 31.12%,respectively.The average score of emergency response capability of Chongqing's health emergency personnel was 76.11,with the lowest score in the policy advice capability(48.59).Personnel with a medical background(β=1.025),longer years of emergency response work(β=1.774),better self-evaluated physical condition(β=3.664),better self-evaluated mental condition(β=4.362),and participation in drillings twice or more per year(β=2.696)had higher scores in terms of health emergency response capability(P<0.05).Conclusions There are still some weaknesses in the capacity building of Chongqing's health emergency response personnel.Future efforts should focus on optimizing the staffing structure of the health emergency response team,strengthening the physical training of emergency personnel in normal times and health monitoring and management under emergency conditions,continuously promoting the actual,contextual,and professional emergency training and drilling,and comprehensively improving the physical and mental quality,professional quality,and emergency response capacity of health emergency personnel through multiple approaches.