广州市2021-2022年公共场所健康危害因素监测

Monitoring results of health hazard factors in public places in Guangzhou from 2021 to 2022

目的了解广州市公共场所健康危害因素,掌握其存在的主要健康风险,为保障人群健康提供重要的理论依据。方法2021—2022年对广州市宾馆(酒店)、商场(超市)、理发店、美容店、候车室、沐浴场所、游泳场(馆)、健身房等8类公共场所开展健康危害因素监测,按照《公共场所卫生指标及限值要求》(GB 37488-2019)进行评价。结果2021—2022年共抽检广州市8类公共场所室内空气、公共用品用具及水质样品7125份,合格率93.3%,候车室的合格率最低,为81.5%。室内空气合格率89.0%,游泳场(馆)合格率最低为76.4%,各类公共场所室内空气合格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),不合格指标主要有湿度、噪声、菌落总数及PM_(2.5),商场(超市)的噪声合格率最低为0,候车室的湿度、PM_(2.5)、菌落总数合格率均最低,分别为11.1%、50.0%和88.9%;用品用具(公用设施)合格率97.4%,各类公共场所用品用具(公用设施)合格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),不合格指标主要有毛巾pH值和部分用品用具(公用设施)的菌落总数,其中商场(超市)收银台菌落总数总的合格率最低,为69.4%;游泳场(馆)水质合格率86.2%,不合格指标主要有泳池水pH值、氧化还原电位、消毒剂余量和浸脚池水游离性余氯,其中泳池水氧化还原电位合格率最低,为50.0%。结论广州市公共场所整体卫生状况较好,但候车室、沐浴场所的室内空气以及游泳场(馆)水质合格率较低等问题不容忽视,建议相关部门加强卫生监管,并采取有效控制措施。

Objective To monitor health hazard factors in public places in Guangzhou,identify the main health risks present,and provide an important theoretical basis for ensuring the population's health.Methods Health hazard factor monitoring was conducted from 2021 to 2022 in 8 types of public places in Guangzhou,including guesthouses(hotels),shopping malls(supermarkets),barbershops,beauty salons,waiting rooms,bathing places,swimming pools(gymnasiums),and gyms.The results were evaluated according to the requirements of“Hygienic indicators and limits for public places”(GB 37488-2019).Results A total of 7125 samples of indoor air,public supplies and appliances,and water quality samples in 8 types of public places in Guangzhou were collected from 2021 to 2022,with an overall qualified rate of 93.3%.The waiting rooms had the lowest qualified rate at 81.5%.There was a statistically significant difference in the qualified rate of samples in various public places(P<0.001),The qualified rate of indoor air was 89.0%,the lowest qualified rate of swimming pools(gymnasiums)is 76.4%,respectively.The differences in the qualified rate of indoor air across various public places were statistically significant(P<0.001).The unqualified indexes were mainly humidity,noise,total number of colonies,and PM_(2.5).The qualified rate of noise in shopping malls(supermarkets)was the lowest,which was 0.The qualified humidity rates,PM_(2.5),and total number of colonies in the waiting room were the lowest,11.1%,50.0%,and 88.9%,respectively.The qualified rate of supplies and appliances(public facilities)was 97.4%,with a statistically significant difference in the qualified rate of various public places(P<0.001).The unqualified indicators mainly included the PH value of towels and the total number of colonies of some supplies(public facilities).Among them,the total qualified rate of the total number of colonies at the checkout counter in shopping malls(supermarkets)was the lowest,which was 69.4%.The qualified rate of water quality in swimming pools(gymnasium)was 86.2%.The unqualified indexes mainly included pH value,redox potential,disinfectant residue and free residual chlorine in foot soaking pool water.Among them,the qualified rate of redox potential in swimming pool water was the lowest,which was 50.0%.Conclusions The overall sanitary conditions of public places in Guangzhou are relatively good.However,the problems of low qualified rate of indoor air in waiting rooms,bathing places,and swimming pools(gymnasiums)should not be ignored.It is recommended that relevant departments strengthen health supervision and take effective control measures.