丹参有效成分及药理作用研究进展

Research Progress on the Active Ingredients and Pharmacological Effects of Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae)

丹参是一种多年生植物,属于唇形科、丹参属,是一种遮荫草本植物。唇形科植物丹参的干燥根和根茎在中国通常被称为丹参,作为广泛使用的传统中药有着近2000年悠久历史,具有活血化瘀、通经止痛、清心除烦、凉血消痈之功效。丹参的有效成分复杂,并且具有多种药理作用。丹参的化学成分主要为水溶性的酚酸类以及脂溶性的丹参酮类化合物,该植物及其提取物具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗肿瘤、抗纤维化、糖尿病肾病保护等药理作用。文章参阅近些年文献以及相关研究深入阐述丹参有效成分以及药理作用,以期为丹参临床应用研究提供理论依据。目前关于丹参的药理作用研究虽取得了一定的成果,但对其化学成分及药理机制的研究尚不完善,后续可从细胞、组织、分子生物学、代谢学等多学科、多方面进行深入研究,以期为明确丹参的有效成分及开展丹参有效成分机制和临床应用研究提供理论依据。

Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae)is a perennial plant belonging to the family Labiatae,genus Salvia,and a shade-growing herb.The dried root and rhizome of Salviae miltiorrhizae Bge.are often referred to as Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae)in China.As a widely used traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of nearly 2000 years,it has the efficacy of activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis,promoting menstruation and relieving pain,clearing the heart and removing vexation,and cooling the blood to eliminate carbuncles.The active ingredients of Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae)are complex and have a variety of pharmacological effects.The chemical components of Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae)are mainly water-soluble phenolic acids and fat-soluble tanshinones compounds,and the plant and its extracts have anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,anti-atherosclerotic,anti-tumour,anti-fibrotic,and diabetic nephropathy protection pharmacological effects.The article refers to the literature in recent years and related studies to elaborate the active ingredients and pharmacological effects of Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae),with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae).At present,although certain results have been achieved in the study of the pharmacological effects of Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae),the study of its chemical composition and pharmacological mechanism is still not perfect,and in-depth research can be carried out from cell,tissue,molecular biology,metabolism and other disciplines,in order to provide theoretical basis for the clarification of the active ingredients of Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae),and for the development of the mechanism of the active components and clinical application of Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae).