医学生心理韧性对品格优势和情绪症状影响的调查研究

An investigation study about the effects of psychological resilience on character strengths and emotional symptoms among medical students

目的从积极心理学的角度,分析医学生心理韧性与其品格优势、情绪症状的关系。方法于2020年12月至2021年1月,采用方便抽样法,以青少年心理韧性量表(resilience scale for Chinese adolescents,RSCA)、中文长处问卷(Chinese virtues questionnaire,CVQ-96)、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表(depression anxiety stress scale,DASS-21)为研究工具,选取某医科院校284名医学生进行问卷调查。使用SPSS 25.0软件,进行两独立样本t检验或单因素方差分析,以及用Spearman相关性分析所有数据。结果医学生心理韧性得分为(92.16±13.00);品格优势得分为(360.44±62.66),表现最突出的5种优势依次为真诚、公平、爱、领导力、团队合作,而表现最不突出的5种优势依次为自制力、学习能力、谦虚、洞察力、创造力;压力、焦虑、抑郁的阳性率分别为41.90%(119/284)、60.21%(171/284)和52.46%(149/284)。差异性分析显示,性别、是否参加社团活动、遇到事情是否向别人倾诉在心理韧性得分上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);是否担任班干部、是否参加社团活动、遇到事情是否向别人倾诉在品格优势得分上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);性别、是否独生子女在压力、焦虑、抑郁症状得分上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关分析显示心理韧性与品格优势正相关,与情绪症状负相关。结论高心理韧性的医学生其品格优势表现更突出,其情绪症状阳性率更低。

Objective To investigate the association of psychological resilience with character strengths and emotional symptoms in medical students from the perspective of positive psychology.Methods From December 2020 to January 2021,the convenience sampling method was used to select 284 medical students in a medical university,and a questionnaire survey was conducted using resilience scale for Chinese adolescents(RSCA),Chinese virtues questionnaire(CVQ-96),and depression anxiety stress scale(DASS-21).SPSS 25.0 was used to perform the two-independent-samples t test or the one-way analysis of variance,and the Spearman correlation analysis was performed for all data.Results For these medical students,the scores of psychological resilience and character strengths were(92.16±13.00)and(360.44±62.66),respectively.The top five strengths were sincerity,fairness,love,leadership,and teamwork,while the bottom five strengths were self-regulation,learning,modesty,perspective,and creativity.The positive rates of stress,anxiety,and depression were 41.90%(119/284),60.21%(171/284),and 52.46%(149/284),respectively.The difference analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the score of psychological resilience between groups based on sex,whether to participate in class activities,and whether to talk to others when facing difficulties(P<0.05);there was a significant difference in the score of character strengths between groups based on whether to be a class leader,whether to participate in class activities,and whether to talk to others when facing difficulties(P<0.05);there were significant differences in the scores of stress,anxiety,and depression between groups based on sex and whether to be the only child of the family(P<0.05).The correlation analysis showed that psychological resilience was positively correlated with character strengths and was negatively correlated with emotional symptoms.Conclusions The medical students with higher psychological resilience tend to have outstanding character strengths and a lower positive rate of emotional symptoms.