生命早期空气污染物暴露与儿童神经发育障碍的研究进展

Research progress on relationship between air pollutant exposure during early life and neurodevelopmental disorders in children

近年来,空气污染物对儿童神经发育障碍的影响受到广泛关注。生命早期是大脑快速发育的关键时期,该时期暴露于空气污染物,大脑功能可能产生永久性改变。本文主要回顾了近年来国内外有关生命早期空气污染物暴露和儿童神经发育障碍之间关联的流行病学研究,重点讨论了生命早期室外空气污染物(如PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、NO_(x)、CO等)和室内空气污染物(如烹饪油烟、烟草和蚊香烟雾、家居装饰产生的甲醛)对儿童神经发育的影响,归纳了其背后可能的生物学机制。多数研究指出生命早期不同暴露时期和暴露水平的污染物会对儿童神经发育产生负面影响且某些空气污染物与儿童神经发育障碍之间可能存在剂量-反应关系。目前有关室内空气污染物对儿童神经发育障碍的研究集中于烟草烟雾暴露,其他室内空气污染物如油烟、室内装饰材料产生的有机化合物等报道较少且其潜在的生物学机制尚不明确。提示未来需要进一步的流行病学研究、动物和细胞实验为空气污染物暴露的神经发育毒性提供佐证,以期为环境优生学提供理论依据,促进儿童健康发展。

In recent years,the effects of air pollutants on the neurodevelopmental disorders in children have received widespread attention.Early life is a critical period of rapid brain development,and exposure to air pollutants during this period may permanently alter brain function.This paper reviewed the epidemiological studies on the association between exposure to air pollutants during early life and children's neurodevelopmental disorders in recent years,with focus on outdoor air pollutants(e.g.,PM_(2.5),PM_(10),NO_(x),and CO)and indoor air pollutants(e.g.,cooking oil fumes,tobacco and mosquito incense smoke,and formaldehyde from home decoration),and summarized their possible biological mechanisms.Most studies indicate that pollutants in different periods and at different levels of exposure during early life can negatively affect children's neurodevelopment and that there may be a dose-response relationship between certain air pollutants and children's neurodevelopment.Current research on the effects of indoor air pollutants on children's neurodevelopment focus on exposure to tobacco smoke,while other indoor air pollutants such as cooking oil fumes and organic compounds produced by interior decorative materials are less well reported and their underlying biological mechanisms are not yet clear.Further epidemiological studies,animal and cellular experiments are needed to provide evidence for the neurodevelopmental toxicity of air pollutant exposure in the future,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for environmental eugenics and promote healthy development of children.