美国大学“第一年教育”:功能定位、实施路径与运行保障

The"First-Year Experience"in American Universities:Functional Positioning,Implementation Paths and Operation Guarantee

大学新生入学后的“第一年教育”是美国大学在高等教育进入普及化阶段后,为应对高中与大学教育衔接面临的新问题、提高本科教育质量而采取的重要举措。美国大学“第一年教育”主要通过开设新生研讨课、组建学习共同体、实施同伴引领计划、提供新生入学指导和学业指导等方式,来帮助新生适应学习和生活方式的转变进而促进其可持续发展。美国大学“第一年教育”的有效运行取决于校内多个部门之间的协作。其相关举措对提升我国大学新生教育质量具有重要的参考价值。

The"first-year experience"is an important measure taken by American uni-versities to cope with the new problems of the articulation between high school and universi-ty education and to improve the quality of undergraduate education in the stage of populariza-tion of higher education.The"first-year experience"in American universities mainly helps freshmen adapt to the change of learning and life style and achieve sustainable development by setting up freshman seminars,establishing learning communities,implementing peer leader programs,and providing freshmen orientation and academic advising.The effective operation of "first-year experience"in American universities depends on the collaboration be-tween multiple departments on campus.Its relevant initiatives have important reference val-ue for improving the quality of freshman education in China.