岩石爆破基础理论研究进展与展望Ⅰ—本构关系

Advancements and future prospects in the fundamental theories of rock blasting research Ⅰ—Constitutive relationships

岩石爆破技术在国民经济建设中发挥着重要作用,尤其在资源开采、基础设施建设等领域.本文对岩石爆破本构关系进行了深入研究和探讨,在传统本构关系研究的基础上,提出了本构关系1.0、2.0和3.0的演化阶段,分别探讨了矛盾关系、能量平衡以及最小作用量理论.本构关系1.0从岩石与爆炸、冲击荷载的相互作用出发,强调了矛与盾的关系,重点分析了岩石材料的动态力学响应;本构关系2.0以能量为切入点,将含有节理裂隙、层理和腔体等缺陷以及显著各向异性的岩石视为复杂结构材料,研究荷载输入能量与材料破坏所需能量之间的动态平衡关系,解析结构强度与输入能、耗散能及可释放应变能之间的关联;本构关系3.0关注爆炸荷载下应力波的传播规律及其与介质破坏效应的关系,特别是通过最小作用量理论来优化能量的传播路径,提高炸药能量的利用效率.这些理论不仅揭示了岩石在不同荷载条件下的力学行为,还为优化爆破设计和改善爆破效果提供了理论依据.同时,本文结合人工智能和大数据技术,提出了岩石材料工程基因的概念,通过建立岩石基因库,系统化管理岩石的物理力学参数,构建性能预测模型,提升了对岩石特性的理解和工程应用的精确度.未来,岩石材料基因库有望在矿产资源开发、地质灾害防治和基础设施建设等领域发挥更大的作用,推动工程技术的发展和应用.

Rock blasting technology is crucial for national economic development,particularly resource extraction and infrastructure construction.This paper explores the constitutive relationships in rock blasting,proposing three evolutionary stages:constitutive relationships 1.0,2.0,and 3.0.These stages focus on contradictory relationships,energy balance,and minimum action theory,respectively.Constitutive relationship 1.0 centers on the interaction between rock and explosive impact loads,emphasizing the offense–defense dynamic.It analyzes the dynamic mechanical response of rock materials under explosive and impact loads,highlighting the conflict and balance between the explosive force and the rock resistance.This stage provides fundamental insights into the behavior of rock materials under high-stress conditions.Constitutive relationship 2.0 approaches the problem from an energy perspective.It treats rocks with significant anisotropy,joints,fractures,bedding,and cavities as complex structural materials.This stage studies the dynamic equilibrium between load input energy and the energy required to destroy the material.By understanding the relationship between structural strength,input energy,dissipated energy,and releasable strain energy,researchers can better predict the response of complex rock structures to explosive loads and improve blasting efficiency.Constitutive relationship 3.0 examines the propagation laws of stress waves under explosive loads and their relationship with medium damage effects.This stage focuses on optimizing energy propagation paths based on the minimum action theory,aiming to maximize the effectiveness of the explosive force while minimizing unwanted damage to the surrounding rock mass.These theories not only reveal the mechanical behavior of rocks under different load conditions but also provide a theoretical basis for optimizing blasting design and improving blasting outcomes.In addition to these theoretical advancements,the integration of artificial intelligence and big data technologies offers a new approach to managing and predicting rock material performance.This paper proposes the concept of rock material engineering genes,which involves establishing a rock gene library to systematically manage the physical and mechanical parameters of rocks.By constructing performance prediction models using advanced data analytics and machine learning algorithms,this approach enhances the accuracy of predicting how different rock types will respond to various engineering applications.Such a comprehensive database has significant implications for resource extraction,geological disaster prevention,and infrastructure construction.The rock material gene library is expected to play an increasingly important role in mineral resource development,geological disaster prevention,and infrastructure construction,thereby promoting the development and application of engineering technology.Its integration with traditional blasting techniques can lead to more efficient and safer methods of rock blasting,ultimately contributing to the advancement of engineering practices and economic development of regions dependent on these technologies.This holistic approach underscores the importance of continued research and technological innovation in rock blasting and material science.