生态环境检察视角下民事与行政公益诉讼的适用困境与纾解

The Application Dilemma and Relief of Civil and Administrative Public Interest Litigation from the Perspective of Ecological Environment Prosecution

立法赋予了检察机关在环境行政公益诉讼和环境民事公益诉讼中的当事人资格,为检察机关依法履行生态环境检察职能供给了法律依据,有效弥补了私诉权在维护环境公益领域的不足。然而,由于生态环境案件的利益交织、责任叠加等特性,导致检察机关在适用“两诉”过程中出现了顺位不明、关系不清、甄选困难等困境。基于生态环境检察融合履职视角,通过厘清“两诉”竞合时顺位关系,建立检察行政附带民事公益诉讼制度以及完善诉前程序运行机制,妥善处理“两诉”关系,实现制度优势互补,诉前程序与诉讼程序紧密衔接,构建融合一体的生态环境公益检察格局。

Legislation has granted procuratorial organs the qualifications of parties in environmental administrative public interest litigation and environmental civil public interest litigation,providing legal basis for procuratorial organs to fulfill their ecological and en-vironmental procuratorial functions in accordance with the law,and effectively flling the gap of private litigation rights in maintaining environmental public interest.However,due to the interweaving of interests and overlapping responsibilities in ecological environment cases,the procuratorial organs have encountered difficulties in applying the"two lawsuits"process,such as unclear order,unclear re-lationship,and difficult selection.Based on the perspective of integrating the performance of ecological environment prosecution,by clarifying the order of competition between"two lawsuits",establishing a civil public interest litigation system attached to procuratorial administration and improving the operation mechanism of pre litigation procedures,properly handling the relationship between"two lawsuits",achieving complementary institutional advantages,closely connecting pre litigation procedures and litigation procedures,and constructing an integrated ecological environment public interest prosecution pattern.